Hitosugi Masahito, Kawato Hitoshi, Gomei Sayaka, Mizuno Koji, Tokudome Shogo
Department of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2013 Oct;55(5):624-8. doi: 10.1111/ped.12140. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
The aim of this study was to clarify the pattern of child pedestrian injury, injury severity, and its relation to collision velocity in bonnet-type-vehicle collision.
In-depth data were retrospectively collected from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis on pedestrians younger than 13 years old with any bodily injuries from collisions with bonnet-type vehicles between 1993 and 2004.
Forty-seven patients from 43 collisions with a mean age of 6.9 ± 2.5 years were included in the study. Injury severity was not significantly different between patients who were hit by the front of the vehicle and those who were hit by the side of the vehicle. In front collisions, impact with the vehicle was associated with significantly higher Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores than those for impact with the road, especially for the lower extremities (mean: 1.2 vs 0.2, P < 0.001). Injury severity of the lower extremities and collision velocity were examined. The estimated collision velocity of the vehicle was not significantly different between patients with lower extremity AIS scores of 0 or 1 and those of 2 or 3.
Some pediatric pedestrians suffer from collisions with bonnet-type vehicles without lower extremity fractures owing to the characteristics of child pedestrians. Providing injury prevention programs for children in communities and schools, developing active safety devices in the vehicle, and modifying the vehicle body to a pediatric pedestrian-friendly structure may increase pedestrian protection.
本研究旨在阐明在发动机罩式车辆碰撞中儿童行人受伤的模式、损伤严重程度及其与碰撞速度的关系。
回顾性收集了交通事故研究与数据分析研究所1993年至2004年间13岁以下因与发动机罩式车辆碰撞而身体受伤的行人的详细数据。
该研究纳入了43起碰撞事故中的47名患者，平均年龄为6.9±2.5岁。被车辆前部撞击的患者与被车辆侧面撞击的患者之间的损伤严重程度无显著差异。在前部碰撞中，与车辆碰撞导致的简明损伤定级（AIS）评分显著高于与道路碰撞，尤其是下肢（平均值：1.2对0.2，P<0.001）。对下肢损伤严重程度和碰撞速度进行了检查。下肢AIS评分为0或1的患者与评分为2或3的患者之间，车辆的估计碰撞速度无显著差异。
由于儿童行人的特点，一些儿童行人在与发动机罩式车辆碰撞时未发生下肢骨折。在社区和学校为儿童提供伤害预防项目、开发车辆主动安全装置以及将车身改造成对儿童行人友好的结构可能会增强对行人的保护。
