Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
Clin Chest Med. 2013 Jun;34(2):229-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is caused by the yeastlike fungus Pneumocystis. Despite the widespread availability of specific anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis and of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), PCP remains a common AIDS-defining presentation. PCP is increasingly recognized among persons living in Africa. Pneumocystis cannot be cultured and bronchoalveolar lavage is the gold standard diagnostic test to diagnose PCP. Use of adjunctive biomarkers for diagnosis requires further evaluation. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the preferred first-line treatment regimen. In the era of ART, mortality from PCP is approximately 10% to 12%. The optimal time to start ART in a patient with PCP remains uncertain.
卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）是由酵母样真菌卡氏肺孢子虫引起的。尽管有广泛的抗卡氏肺孢子虫预防和联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART），PCP 仍然是常见的艾滋病定义性表现。在非洲，卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎在人群中越来越常见。卡氏肺孢子虫不能被培养，支气管肺泡灌洗是诊断 PCP 的金标准诊断测试。辅助生物标志物的使用用于诊断需要进一步评估。复方磺胺甲噁唑仍然是首选的一线治疗方案。在 ART 时代，PCP 的死亡率约为 10%至 12%。在患有 PCP 的患者中开始 ART 的最佳时间仍然不确定。
