Shannon Geordan D, Im Dana D, Katzelnick Leah, Franco Oscar H
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK.
Women Health. 2013;53(3):217-43. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2013.767300.
Researchers evaluated the progress of Millennium Development Goal Three, which promotes gender equity and empowering women, by assessing the targets for education, employment, and government, and their relation to women's health in South Asia.
Researchers obtained data from the United Nations, Inter-Parliamentary Union, International Labor Organization, World Bank, and World Health Organization. First, they performed a literature review including manuscripts that quantified a Millenium Development Goal Three outcome in South Asia and were published after 1991. They derived women's health outcomes from World Health Organization databases. Spearman's rank test was used to evaluate the relationship between change in gender parity and change in women's health outcomes.
South Asia's average primary education Gender Parity Index (defined as the ratio of girls to boys enrolled in primary, secondary, and tertiary education and expressed as a value between 0 and 1.0) improved from 0.73 (SD 0.34) to 0.92 (SD 0.13) between 2000 and 2008. Secondary and tertiary education had a lower Gender Parity Index (average 2008 Gender Parity Index 0.87 (SD 0.21) and 0.59 (SD 0.23), respectively), but had also improved from 2000 (average Gender Parity Index = 0.77, SD 0.38) to 2008 (average Gender Parity Index = 0.52, SD 0.11). An average proportion of 22.1% (SD 12.58) of women participated in waged, non-agricultural employment and 16.6% (SD 10.3) in national parliaments. No clear association was found between change in gender equity and women's health in South Asia between 2000 and 2008.
Some progress has been made toward gender equity in South Asia, although the results have been mixed and inequities persist, especially in employment and government. While gender equity does not appear to have been related to female health outcomes, both must be addressed simultaneously as priority development targets and remain prerequisites to achieving the overall Millennium Development Goals. [Supplementary material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Women & Health for the following resource: addition tabulated data and statistical analysis].
研究人员通过评估南亚地区教育、就业和政府方面的目标及其与妇女健康的关系，来评价千年发展目标3（该目标旨在促进性别平等并赋予妇女权力）的进展情况。
研究人员从联合国、国际议会联盟、国际劳工组织、世界银行和世界卫生组织获取数据。首先，他们进行了文献综述，纳入了1991年后发表的、对南亚地区千年发展目标3成果进行量化的手稿。他们从世界卫生组织数据库中得出妇女健康成果。采用斯皮尔曼等级检验来评估性别平等变化与妇女健康成果变化之间的关系。
2000年至2008年间，南亚地区小学教育的平均性别平等指数（定义为小学、中学和大学入学女生与男生的比例，取值范围为0至1.0）从0.73（标准差0.34）提高到了0.92（标准差0.13）。中等教育和高等教育的性别平等指数较低（2008年平均性别平等指数分别为0.87（标准差0.21）和0.59（标准差0.23）），但也从2000年（平均性别平等指数 = 0.77，标准差0.38）提高到了2008年（平均性别平等指数 = 0.52，标准差0.11）。平均有22.1%（标准差12.58）的妇女从事有薪非农业工作，16.6%（标准差10.3）的妇女进入国家议会。2000年至2008年间，南亚地区性别平等变化与妇女健康之间未发现明显关联。
南亚地区在性别平等方面取得了一些进展，尽管结果喜忧参半且不平等现象依然存在，尤其是在就业和政府领域。虽然性别平等似乎与女性健康成果无关，但两者都必须作为优先发展目标同时加以解决，并且仍然是实现千年发展目标总体目标的先决条件。[本文有补充材料。请访问该期刊的网络版《妇女与健康》获取以下资源：附加表格数据和统计分析]
