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当女性成功时,我们所有人都成功——呼吁制定关注性别的全球非传染性疾病议程。

When women win, we all win-Call for a gendered global NCD agenda.

作者信息

Ngaruiya Christine

机构信息

Section of Global Health and International Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA.

Yale Network for Global Noncommunicable Diseases (NGN) Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA.

出版信息

FASEB Bioadv. 2022 Nov 25;4(12):741-757. doi: 10.1096/fba.2021-00140. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Gender is a social determinant of health, interacting with other factors such as income, education, and housing and affects health care access and health care outcomes. This paper reviews key literature and policies on health disparities and gender disparities within health. It examines noncommunicable disease (NCD) health outcomes through a gender lens and challenges existing prevailing measures of success for NCD outcomes that focus primarily on mortality. Chronic respiratory disease, one of the four leading contributors to NCD mortality, is highlighted as a case study to demonstrate the gender gap. Women have different risk factors and higher morbidity for chronic respiratory disease compared to men but morbidity is shadowed by a penultimate research focus on mortality, which results in less attention to the gap in women's NCD outcomes. This, in turn, affects how resources, programs, and interventions are implemented. It will likely slow progress in reducing overall NCD burden if we do not address risk factors in an equitable fashion. The article closes with recommendations to address these gender gaps in NCD outcomes. At the policy level, increasing representation and inclusion in global public health leadership, prioritizing NCDs among marginalized populations by global health societies and political organizations, aligning the gendered global NCD agenda with other well-established movements will each catalyze change for gender-based disparities in global NCDs specifically. Lastly, incorporating gender-based indicators and targets in major NCD-related goals and advancing gender-based NCD research will strengthen the evidence base for women's unique NCD risks and health outcomes.

摘要

性别是健康的一个社会决定因素,与收入、教育和住房等其他因素相互作用,并影响医疗保健的可及性和医疗保健结果。本文回顾了关于健康差距和健康领域性别差距的关键文献和政策。它通过性别视角审视非传染性疾病(NCD)的健康结果,并对现有的主要侧重于死亡率的非传染性疾病结果成功衡量标准提出质疑。慢性呼吸道疾病作为非传染性疾病死亡的四大主要原因之一,被作为一个案例研究加以突出,以展示性别差距。与男性相比,女性患慢性呼吸道疾病有不同的风险因素和更高的发病率,但发病率却因对死亡率的最终研究重点而被掩盖,这导致对女性非传染性疾病结果差距的关注较少。反过来,这又影响了资源、项目和干预措施的实施方式。如果我们不以公平的方式解决风险因素,很可能会减缓降低总体非传染性疾病负担的进展。文章最后提出了应对非传染性疾病结果中这些性别差距的建议。在政策层面,增加在全球公共卫生领导中的代表性和包容性,全球卫生协会和政治组织在边缘化人群中优先关注非传染性疾病,使基于性别的全球非传染性疾病议程与其他成熟运动保持一致,每一项都将特别促进全球非传染性疾病中基于性别的差距的改变。最后,在主要的与非传染性疾病相关的目标中纳入基于性别的指标和目标,并推进基于性别的非传染性疾病研究,将加强关于女性独特的非传染性疾病风险和健康结果的证据基础。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3186/9721093/6e3595f06a52/FBA2-4-741-g004.jpg

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