College of Nursing, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
J Prof Nurs. 2013 May-Jun;29(3):174-80. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2012.04.023.
King's theory is a broad theory designed to provide a framework for nursing (I.M. King, 1981), whereas emotional intelligence (EI; J.D. Mayer & P. Salovey, 2004) is a theory that is specific for addressing potential competency in dealing with emotions and emotional information. J.D. Mayer, P. Salovey, D.R. Caruso, and G. Sitarenios (2001) defined EI as the "ability to recognize the meaning of emotions and their relationships and to use them as a basis for reasoning and problem solving" (p. 234). These researchers believed that EI is related to cognitive intellect through the ability to use reasoning by way of information to find meaning. J.D. Mayer and P. Salovey (2004) argued that the skills that comprise EI were likely enhanced through obtaining a liberal education infused with values exploration. J.D. Mayer, P. Salovey, D.R. Caruso, and G. Sitarenios (2001) contended that there are 4 branches of abilities that create EI: (a) the skill of perceiving emotion within oneself and others, (b) assimilation of an emotion to facilitate thinking, (c) understanding and knowledge of emotion, and (d) conscious regulation of emotion. Each level or branch builds upon the previous one, and awareness of what each branch offers the individual in enhancing relationships with others is a key component of healthy emotional interactions. This article will provide a theoretic foundation based upon King's interacting systems theory (IST; 1981) that embraces EI as a crucial component in the nurse's ability to provide holistic care for patients, peers, and themselves. King's IST underscores the necessity of nurses possessing abilities of EI as they care for others but does not fully describe a mechanism to understand and incorporate emotions within the complex nurse-patient interactions and communications that are part of the nursing process.
金氏理论是一个旨在为护理提供框架的广泛理论（I.M. King，1981），而情绪智力（EI；J.D. Mayer 和 P. Salovey，2004）是一种专门针对处理情绪和情绪信息的潜在能力的理论。J.D. Mayer、P. Salovey、D.R. Caruso 和 G. Sitarenios（2001）将 EI 定义为“识别情绪的意义及其关系并将其用作推理和解决问题的基础的能力”（第 234 页）。这些研究人员认为，EI 通过使用信息进行推理的能力与认知智力有关。J.D. Mayer 和 P. Salovey（2004）认为，构成 EI 的技能可能通过获得充满价值观探索的自由教育来增强。J.D. Mayer、P. Salovey、D.R. Caruso 和 G. Sitarenios（2001）认为，EI 有 4 个能力分支：（a）感知自己和他人情绪的能力，（b）同化情绪以促进思考的能力，（c）理解和知识情绪的能力，（d）有意识地调节情绪的能力。每个级别或分支都建立在前一个级别之上，并且意识到每个分支为个人提供的增强与他人关系的能力是健康情感互动的关键组成部分。本文将基于金氏交互系统理论（IST；1981）提供一个理论基础，该理论将 EI 视为护士为患者、同行和自己提供整体护理的能力的关键组成部分。金氏 IST 强调护士在照顾他人时必须具备 EI 能力，但并没有完全描述一种机制来理解和在护理过程中护士与患者之间的复杂互动和沟通中融入情绪。
