Cook Christian J, Kilduff Liam P, Crewther Blair T, Beaven Martyn, West Daniel J
UK Sport, London, UK; Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Health and Sport Portfolio, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
J Sci Med Sport. 2014 May;17(3):317-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.04.016. Epub 2013 May 23.
To determine if a morning training session could alter afternoon physical performance. Moreover, as testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) concentrations are significant predictors of physical performance, and both show circadian declines across the day, we examined the effects of morning training on diurnal T and C responses.
Eighteen semi-professional rugby union players completed this randomised and counter-balanced study.
Following morning saliva collection (0900 h), players completed a control (rested), Sprint (5 × 40 m) or Weights (3 repetition-maximum [RM] bench press and squat) trial. In the afternoon (15:00 h) of each trial, a further saliva sample was collected before players completed a performance test (3 RM back squat and bench press, 40 m sprint, countermovement jump [CMJ]).
Salivary T concentrations declined from am to pm under Control and Sprint, but not under Weights. Delta T, from am to pm, was greater under Control (-10.9 ± 2.4 pg ml(-1)) compared to Sprints (-6.2 ± 7.1 pg ml(-1)) and Weights (-1.2 ± 5.5 pg ml(-1)) (p ≤ 0.001). Delta C, from am to pm, was greater under Control compared to both Sprint and Weights (p<0.05). Players elicited better CMJ peak power, 40-m time, 3 RM bench and squat performance under Weights compared with Control and Sprint (p<0.05). Faster 40-m times were seen under Sprint, when compared to Control (p<0.05).
Performing morning strength training is associated with improved physical performance in the afternoon. Additionally, the circadian decline in T concentrations appeared offset by morning training. However, it is unclear if T concentrations are, in part, causal of these improved responses or simply a reflective marker.
确定晨练是否会改变下午的身体表现。此外，由于睾酮（T）和皮质醇（C）浓度是身体表现的重要预测指标，且两者在一天中均呈昼夜下降趋势，我们研究了晨练对昼夜T和C反应的影响。
18名半职业橄榄球联盟球员完成了这项随机交叉研究。
在早晨唾液采集（09:00）后，球员们完成了对照（休息）、短跑（5×40米）或举重（3次最大重复量[RM]卧推和深蹲）试验。在每个试验的下午（15:00），在球员完成一项表现测试（3RM后深蹲和卧推、40米短跑、反向纵跳[CMJ]）之前，再采集一次唾液样本。
在对照和短跑试验中，唾液T浓度从上午到下午下降，但在举重试验中未下降。从上午到下午的ΔT，对照试验（-10.9±2.4 pg/ml）大于短跑试验（-6.2±7.1 pg/ml）和举重试验（-1.2±5.5 pg/ml）（p≤0.001）。从上午到下午的ΔC，对照试验大于短跑试验和举重试验（p<0.05）。与对照和短跑试验相比，球员在举重试验后的CMJ峰值功率、40米用时、3RM卧推和深蹲表现更好（p<0.05）。与对照试验相比，短跑试验的40米用时更快（p<0.05）。
进行晨练与下午身体表现的改善有关。此外，晨练似乎抵消了T浓度的昼夜下降。然而，尚不清楚T浓度部分是这些改善反应的原因还是仅仅是一个反映性指标。
