Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2013 Sep;53(3):356-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.04.003. Epub 2013 May 23.
The current study compared longitudinal relationships between college education and patterns of heavy drinking from early adolescence to adulthood for Caucasians and African-Americans.
We analyzed data from 9,988 non-Hispanic Caucasian and African-American participants from all four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Growth curve modeling tested differences in rates of change and levels of heavy drinking from ages 13 to 31 years among non-college youth, college withdrawers, 2-year college graduates, and 4-year college graduates, and compared these differences for Caucasians and African-Americans.
There were significant racial differences in relationships between college education with both changes in and levels of heavy drinking. Rates of change of heavy drinking differed significantly across the college education groups examined for Caucasians but not for African-Americans. In addition, Caucasians who graduated from 4-year colleges showed the highest levels of heavy drinking after age 20 years, although differences among the four groups diminished by the early 30s. In contrast, for African-Americans, graduates from 2- or 4-year colleges did not show higher levels of heavy drinking from ages 20 to 31 years than the non-college group. Instead, African-American participants who withdrew from college without an associate's, bachelor's, or professional degree consistently exhibited the highest levels of heavy drinking from ages 26 to 31 years.
The relationship between college education and increased levels of heavy drinking in young adulthood is significant for Caucasians but not African-Americans. Conversely, African-Americans are likely to be more adversely affected than are Caucasians by college withdrawal.
本研究比较了从青少年早期到成年期，大学教育与白人和非裔美国人重度饮酒模式之间的纵向关系。
我们分析了来自全国青少年健康纵向研究的四个波次的 9988 名非西班牙裔白人和非裔美国参与者的数据。增长曲线模型测试了非大学青年、大学退学者、两年制大学毕业生和四年制大学毕业生从 13 岁到 31 岁期间重度饮酒率的变化和水平的差异，并比较了白人和非裔美国人之间的这些差异。
在大学教育与重度饮酒的变化和水平之间的关系上，存在显著的种族差异。白人群体中，重度饮酒的变化率在不同的大学教育群体之间存在显著差异，但非裔美国人则没有。此外，在 20 岁以后，从四年制大学毕业的白人群体表现出最高的重度饮酒水平，尽管四个群体之间的差异在 30 岁出头时有所缩小。相比之下，对于非裔美国人来说，从 20 岁到 31 岁，从 2 年制或 4 年制大学毕业的毕业生并没有比非大学群体表现出更高的重度饮酒水平。相反，从大学退学但没有副学士、学士或专业学位的非裔美国参与者在 26 岁到 31 岁之间表现出最高的重度饮酒水平。
对于白人群体来说，大学教育与成年早期重度饮酒水平增加之间的关系显著，但对于非裔美国人来说则不显著。相反，与白人群体相比，非裔美国人可能更容易受到大学退学的不利影响。
