Singla Aarti, Sloan Paul
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
J Opioid Manag. 2013 Jan-Feb;9(1):71-80. doi: 10.5055/jom.2013.0149.
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen is not only the most commonly prescribed opioid in the United States but also the most common prescription medication written in America. Although original and early trials confirmed its ability to manage acute pain from surgery and musculoskeletal injury, it is perhaps more widely used today in the management of chronic pain. However, the opioid product was introduced for the management of moderate to moderately severe pain. Because it has been greatly abused as a prescription opioid medication, physicians need to be aware of the current knowledge regarding this analgesic drug. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and metabolism of hydrocodone. Recent information regarding the possibility of hydrocodone as a prodrug for hydromorphone is discussed. The available clinical trials for the use of hydrocodone in the management of acute, chronic, and cancer pain are presented.
氢可酮/对乙酰氨基酚不仅是美国最常用的阿片类处方药，也是美国开具最多的处方药。尽管最初及早期试验证实其有能力处理手术和肌肉骨骼损伤引起的急性疼痛，但如今它可能在慢性疼痛管理中使用更为广泛。然而，这种阿片类产品最初是用于管理中度至中度重度疼痛的。由于它作为处方阿片类药物被大量滥用，医生需要了解关于这种镇痛药的现有知识。本综述总结了氢可酮的药代动力学、药效学和代谢方面的现有知识。讨论了关于氢可酮作为氢吗啡酮前体药物可能性的最新信息。还介绍了氢可酮用于管理急性、慢性和癌痛的现有临床试验。
