Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Neuroscience. 2013 Sep 26;249:3-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.026. Epub 2013 May 24.
Adolescence is a period of significant neurobiological change that occurs as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood. Because the nervous system is in a relatively labile state during this stage of development, it may be especially sensitive to experience-induced plasticity. One such experience that is relatively common to adolescents is the exposure to drugs of abuse, particularly alcohol and psychostimulants. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the long-lasting effects of exposure to these drugs during adolescence in humans as well as in animal models. Whenever possible, our focus is on studies that use comparison groups of adolescent- and adult-exposed subjects as this is a more direct test of the hypothesis that adolescence represents a period of enhanced vulnerability to the effects of drug-induced plasticity. Lastly, we suggest areas of future investigation that are needed and methodological concerns that should be addressed.
青春期是一个重要的神经生物学变化时期，个体在此期间从儿童期过渡到成年期。由于神经系统在这一发育阶段处于相对不稳定的状态，因此它可能对经验诱导的可塑性特别敏感。青少年中相对常见的一种经历是接触滥用药物，特别是酒精和精神兴奋剂。在这篇综述中，我们强调了最近在人类和动物模型中发现的青春期接触这些药物会产生长期影响的研究结果。只要有可能，我们的重点是使用青少年和成年暴露组的比较组进行的研究，因为这是对青春期代表对药物诱导可塑性影响的易感性增强期这一假设的更直接检验。最后，我们提出了未来需要进行的研究领域和应该解决的方法学问题。
