Frasca Daniela, Diaz Alain, Romero Maria, Mendez Nicholas V, Landin Ana Marie, Ryan John G, Blomberg Bonnie B
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Vaccine. 2013 Aug 2;31(35):3603-10. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 May 25.
We evaluated immune response to the seasonal influenza vaccine in young and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immune measures included the in vivo serum response to the vaccine by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and ELISA in 22 patients (14 young, 8 elderly) and 65 healthy age-matched controls (37 young, 28 elderly). B cell-specific biomarkers of optimal vaccine response were measured ex vivo by switched memory B cells and plasmablasts and in vitro by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in stimulated cells. Markers of systemic and B cell-intrinsic inflammation were also measured. Results show that in vivo responses, as well as B cell-specific markers identified above, decrease by age in healthy individuals but not in T2D patients. This occurred despite high levels of B cell-intrinsic inflammation (TNF-α) in T2D patients, which was surprising as we had previously demonstrated this negatively impacts B cell function. These results altogether suggest that valid protection against influenza can be achieved in T2D patients and proposed mechanisms are discussed.
我们评估了年轻和老年2型糖尿病（T2D）患者对季节性流感疫苗的免疫反应。免疫指标包括通过血凝抑制（HAI）和ELISA对22例患者（14例年轻患者，8例老年患者）和65例年龄匹配的健康对照者（37例年轻患者，28例老年患者）体内血清对疫苗的反应。通过转换记忆B细胞和浆母细胞体外测量以及通过激活诱导的胞苷脱氨酶（AID）在刺激细胞中体外测量最佳疫苗反应的B细胞特异性生物标志物。还测量了全身和B细胞内在炎症的标志物。结果表明，在健康个体中，体内反应以及上述B细胞特异性标志物随年龄下降，但在T2D患者中并非如此。尽管T2D患者中B细胞内在炎症（TNF-α）水平较高，但仍出现这种情况，这令人惊讶，因为我们之前已证明这会对B细胞功能产生负面影响。这些结果共同表明，T2D患者可以实现对流感的有效保护，并对提出的机制进行了讨论。
