Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Aug;58:467-78. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.024. Epub 2013 May 24.
Great attention has been paid to chloropropanols like 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol and the related substance glycidol due to their presence in food and concerns about their toxic potential as carcinogens. The other chloropropanols 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol have been found in certain foods, but occurrence data are generally limited for these compounds. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol has the most toxicological relevance showing clear carcinogenic effects in rats possibly via a genotoxic mechanism. The dietary exposure to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is quite low. Calculated "Margins of Exposure" values are above 10,000. It is concluded that the 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol exposure is of low concern for human health. The toxicology of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol has not been adequately investigated. Its toxicological potential regarding hepatotoxic effects seems to be lower than that of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol. Limited data show that 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol occurs only in trace amounts in food, indicating that exposure to 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol seems to be also of low concern for human health. The dietary 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol burden appears to be lower than that of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol. An adequate risk assessment for 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol cannot be performed due to limited data on the toxicology and occurrence in food. This article reviews the relevant information about the toxicology, occurrence and dietary exposure to the chloropropanols 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol.
人们高度关注氯丙醇，如 3-单氯-1,2-丙二醇和相关物质缩水甘油，因为它们存在于食品中，而且人们担心它们具有致癌毒性。其他氯丙醇 2-单氯-1,3-丙二醇、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇和 2,3-二氯-1-丙醇也存在于某些食品中，但这些化合物的出现数据通常有限。1,3-二氯-2-丙醇具有最毒理学相关性，在大鼠中表现出明显的致癌作用，可能通过遗传毒性机制。对 1,3-二氯-2-丙醇的膳食暴露量相当低。计算得出的“暴露比”值超过 10,000。因此，1,3-二氯-2-丙醇的暴露对人类健康的担忧较低。2,3-二氯-1-丙醇的毒理学尚未得到充分研究。其关于肝毒性的毒理学潜力似乎低于 1,3-二氯-2-丙醇。有限的数据表明，2,3-二氯-1-丙醇仅在食品中以痕量存在，表明对 2,3-二氯-1-丙醇的暴露对人类健康的担忧也较低。膳食 2-单氯-1,3-丙二醇负担似乎低于 3-单氯-1,2-丙二醇。由于关于毒理学和食品中出现的有限数据，无法对 2-单氯-1,3-丙二醇进行充分的风险评估。本文综述了有关氯丙醇 2-单氯-1,3-丙二醇、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇和 2,3-二氯-1-丙醇的毒理学、出现和膳食暴露的相关信息。
