Gondan Matthias, Blurton Steven P
Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Multisens Res. 2013;26(1-2):95-122. doi: 10.1163/22134808-00002408.
In redundant signals tasks, participants respond in the same way to two different stimuli which are presented either alone or in combination (redundant stimuli). Responses to redundant stimuli are typically faster than responses to single stimuli. Different explanations account for such redundancy gains, including race models and coactivation models. Race models predict that the cumulative response time distribution for the redundant stimuli never exceeds the summed distributions of the single stimuli (race model inequality, RMI, Miller, 1982). Based on work by Townsend and Nozawa (1995) we demonstrate that the RMI is a special case of a more general interaction contrast of response time distributions for stimuli of different intensity, or stimuli presented with onset asynchrony. The generalization of the RMI is, thus, suited for a much wider class of experiments than the standard setup in which response times for single stimuli are compared to those for double stimuli. Moreover, predictions can be derived not only for the race model, but for serial, parallel, and coactive processing modes with different stopping rules. Compared to the standard RMI, statistical power of these interaction contrasts is satisfactory, even for small onset asynchronies.
在冗余信号任务中，参与者对单独呈现或组合呈现的两种不同刺激（冗余刺激）以相同方式做出反应。对冗余刺激的反应通常比对单一刺激的反应更快。不同的解释说明了这种冗余增益，包括竞争模型和共同激活模型。竞争模型预测，冗余刺激的累积反应时间分布永远不会超过单一刺激的总和分布（竞争模型不等式，RMI，米勒，1982）。基于汤森德和野泽（1995）的研究，我们证明RMI是不同强度刺激或具有起始异步呈现的刺激的反应时间分布更一般的交互对比的一个特例。因此，RMI的推广适用于比将单一刺激的反应时间与双重刺激的反应时间进行比较的标准设置更广泛的一类实验。此外，不仅可以为竞争模型推导预测，还可以为具有不同停止规则的串行、并行和共同激活处理模式推导预测。与标准RMI相比，即使对于小的起始异步，这些交互对比的统计功效也令人满意。
