Zuluaga Walter Alonso, López Yolanda Lucía, Osorio Lisardo, Salazar Luis Fernando, González Marta Claudia, Ríos Claudia María, Wolff Marta Isabel, Escobar José Pablo
Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2012 Sep;32(3):321-31. doi: 10.1590/S0120-41572012000300003.
Entomological studies conducted in large hydroelectric infrastructure projects are a tool for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. These diseases emerge as a consequence of changes made to the terrain that often increase the natural and artificial mosquito larval habitats. Many of these insects are of public health importance and population increases result in an increased risk of disease transmission.
The culicine (mosquito) and phlebotomine (sand fly) populations were characterized in the area of the Porce II and Porce III hydroelectric projects of Antioquia between 1990 to 2009.
Periodical entomological samplings were made in the area of impact, in the workers camps, and construction sites. Adult specimens were captured with nets, Shannon light traps, CDC light traps, and protected human bait.
Mosquito larvae of the following species were identified: Culex coronator, Culex nigripalpus, Culex corniger, Culex quinquefasciatus and Limatus durhami. The most frequently identifiers of larval habitats were low tanks, waste cans, tires, and aquatic plants. Aedes aegypti specimens were captured in only two rural locations from two municipalities within the area of influence. Specimens from the following mosquito genera were captured in forest areas: Aedes, Mansonia, Culex, Psorophora, Wyeomyia, Phonyomyia, Uranotaenia, Haemagogus and Sabethes. The most important mosquito found was Haemogogus janthinomis, an efficient yellow fever vector in Colombia. The area has been endemic for leishmaniasis and in the current study, 20 species of Lutzomyia sand flies, potential vectors, were identified. Among malaria vectors, the most important species found in the area were Anopheles nuneztovari and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis.
A wide variety of vectors were discovered in the area of the Porce II and Porce III hydroelectric projects, and many of these were relevant for public health. Further monitoring will be necessary to minimize disease transmission risks among the workers and the inhabitants of the surrounding areas.
在大型水电基础设施项目中开展的昆虫学研究是预防和控制媒介传播疾病的一种手段。这些疾病是地形变化的结果，地形变化常常增加天然和人工蚊子幼虫栖息地。许多这类昆虫对公共卫生具有重要意义，其数量增加会导致疾病传播风险上升。
对1990年至2009年期间安蒂奥基亚省波尔塞二号和三号水电项目区域内的库蚊（蚊子）和白蛉（沙蝇）种群进行特征描述。
在受影响区域、工人营地和建筑工地进行定期昆虫学采样。使用网、香农诱虫灯、疾控中心诱虫灯和受保护的人体诱饵捕获成虫标本。
鉴定出以下种类的蚊子幼虫：冠库蚊、黑足库蚊、角蚊库蚊、致倦库蚊和杜氏边斑蚊。幼虫栖息地最常见的标识物是低水箱、垃圾桶、轮胎和水生植物。仅在影响区域内两个市镇的两个农村地点捕获到埃及伊蚊标本。在森林地区捕获到以下蚊子属的标本：伊蚊、曼蚊、库蚊、骚蚊、威氏蚊、伪威氏蚊、蓝带蚊、趋血蚊和萨氏蚊。发现的最重要的蚊子是janthinomis趋血蚊，它是哥伦比亚高效的黄热病传播媒介之一。该地区一直是利什曼病的地方病流行区，在本研究中，鉴定出20种罗蛉属沙蝇，它们是潜在的传播媒介。在疟疾病媒中，该地区发现的最重要的种类是努涅斯按蚊和伪斑点按蚊。
在波尔塞二号和三号水电项目区域发现了多种传播媒介，其中许多与公共卫生相关。有必要进一步监测，以尽量降低工人和周边地区居民之间的疾病传播风险。
