Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Chair of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013 Apr;26(2):257-64. doi: 10.2478/s13382-013-0094-2. Epub 2013 May 28.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) state that adequate hand hygiene maintained by medical personnel is an indispensable prerequisite for controlling nosocomial infections. The recommendations of CDC and WHO emphasize the obligation to wash hands after each contact with a patient, after the exposure to a potentially infectious material or upon the contact with objects surrounding the patient.
The study was performed by quasi-observation among the group of 188 medical staff members (nurses and physicians) working in three selected hospitals of the Łódź Province. The procedure of hand washing/disinfection performed directly after the patient contact according to the recommendations of CDC and WHO was observed. The results were subject to statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
During 1544 h of observations, 4101 activities requiring hand washing were recorded. The medical personnel followed the hand hygiene procedures after the patient contact in 26.4% of the situations that require hygiene according to the guidelines. The level of observance of the hand washing procedures depended significantly on the type of performed activity, profession, degree of workload, index of activity, and time of duty hours. The mean time of hand washing after patient contact was 9.2 s for physicians and 6.7 s for nurses.
Both the level of observance of hygienic procedures after the contact with patients as well as the time of hand washing are insufficient. There is an urgent need to work out educational programs on maintaining proper hand hygiene for medical personnel.
疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和世界卫生组织（WHO）指出，医务人员保持充分的手部卫生是控制医院感染的不可或缺的前提条件。CDC 和 WHO 的建议强调了在接触患者后、接触潜在传染性物质后或接触患者周围物品后洗手的义务。
本研究在Łódź省的三家选定医院中对 188 名医护人员（护士和医生）进行了准观察。观察了根据 CDC 和 WHO 的建议，在接触患者后直接进行洗手/消毒的情况。对结果进行了统计分析（p < 0.05）。
在 1544 小时的观察期间，共记录了 4101 项需要洗手的活动。根据指南，在需要卫生的情况下，医务人员在接触患者后仅 26.4%的情况下遵循了手部卫生程序。遵守洗手程序的程度与所进行的活动类型、职业、工作负荷程度、活动指数和值班时间有关。接触患者后洗手的平均时间为医生 9.2 秒，护士 6.7 秒。
接触患者后卫生程序的遵守程度和洗手时间都不足。迫切需要为医务人员制定正确的手部卫生教育计划。
