Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013 May 13;4:54. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00054. eCollection 2013.
Whereas astrocytes have been in the limelight of scientific interest in brain energy metabolism for a while, oligodendrocytes are still waiting for a place on the metabolic stage. We propose to term the interaction of oligodendrocytes with astrocytes and neurons: NOA (neuron-oligodendrocyte-astrocyte) interactions. One of the reasons to find out more about metabolic interactions between oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes is to establish markers of healthy oligodendrocyte metabolism that could be used for the diagnosis and assessment of white matter disease. The vesicular release of glutamate in the white matter has received considerable attention in the past. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells express glutamate receptors and glutamate toxicity has been implicated in diseases affecting oligodendrocytes such as hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, inflammatory diseases and trauma. As oligodendrocyte precursor cells vividly react to injury it is also important to establish whether cells recruited into damaged areas are able to regenerate lost myelin sheaths or whether astrocytic scarring occurs. It is therefore important to consider metabolic aspects of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes separately. The present review summarizes the limited evidence available on metabolic cycles in oligodendrocytes and so hopes to stimulate further research interests in this important field.
虽然星形胶质细胞在脑能量代谢的科学研究中一直备受关注，但少突胶质细胞仍在等待登上代谢舞台。我们提议将少突胶质细胞与星形胶质细胞和神经元的相互作用称为：NOA（神经元-少突胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞）相互作用。了解少突胶质细胞、神经元和星形胶质细胞之间代谢相互作用的原因之一，是为了确定健康的少突胶质细胞代谢标志物，这些标志物可用于诊断和评估白质疾病。过去，人们对白质中谷氨酸的囊泡释放给予了相当大的关注。少突胶质细胞谱系细胞表达谷氨酸受体，谷氨酸毒性与影响少突胶质细胞的疾病有关，如缺氧缺血性脑病、炎症性疾病和创伤。由于少突胶质前体细胞对损伤反应强烈，因此还需要确定募集到受损区域的细胞是否能够再生丢失的髓鞘，或者是否会发生星形胶质瘢痕形成。因此，分别考虑星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的代谢方面非常重要。本文综述总结了有关少突胶质细胞代谢循环的有限证据，希望能激发该重要领域的进一步研究兴趣。
