Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 301 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Sep 4;61(35):8267-76. doi: 10.1021/jf305511d. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Phenotypic variation has been manipulated by humans during crop domestication, which occurred primarily between 3000 and 10000 years ago in the various centers of origin around the world. The process of domestication has profound consequences on crops, where the domesticate has moderately reduced genetic diversity relative to the wild ancestor across the genome, and severely reduced diversity for genes targeted by domestication. The question that remains is whether reduction in genetic diversity has affected crop production today. A case study in maize ( Zea mays ) demonstrates the application of understanding relationships between genetic diversity and phenotypic diversity in the wild ancestor and the domesticate. As an outcrossing species, maize has tremendous genetic variation. The complementary combination of genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) approaches, large HapMap data sets, and germplasm resources is leading to important discoveries of the relationship between genetic diversity and phenotypic variation and the impact of domestication on trait variation.
在作物驯化过程中，人类已经对表型变异进行了操纵，这主要发生在 3000 至 10000 年前世界各地的不同起源中心。驯化过程对作物产生了深远的影响，相对于野生祖先，驯化种在整个基因组中遗传多样性适度降低，而驯化目标基因的多样性严重降低。目前仍存在一个问题，即遗传多样性的减少是否会影响到今天的作物生产。对玉米（Zea mays）的案例研究证明了在野生祖先和驯化种中理解遗传多样性与表型多样性之间关系的应用。作为一种异花授粉物种，玉米具有巨大的遗传变异性。全基因组关联图谱（GWAS）方法、大型 HapMap 数据集和种质资源的互补组合正在导致对遗传多样性与表型变异之间关系以及驯化对性状变异影响的重要发现。
