Heredia-Pech Mauricio, Martínez-Castillo Jaime, Martínez-Natarén Daniela A, Ruiz-Gil Pedro, Jiménez-Rojas Mónica I, Ortiz-García Matilde M, Chávez-Pesqueira Mariana
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Calle 43 N°. 130, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Km 6, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Genetica. 2024 Dec 12;153(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s10709-024-00223-2.
Due to the increase in demand for food production worldwide, the cultivation of improved varieties is used as a strategy in order to maximize production. The improved Maradol papaya variety was introduced to the Yucatan Peninsula (YP), Mexico, the Mesoamerican diversity area of papaya, in the 1990s. The domesticated and wild papaya belong to the same species (Carica papaya L.), which promotes gene flow from crops to their wild relatives, threatening the genetic diversity of wild papaya populations in the region. In this study, we used a population genomic approach to evaluate the impact of domesticated-to-wild gene flow on the genetic structure and diversity of wild papaya in the YP. We used 2054 SNP markers for 227 wild individuals from 15 collection sites and 127 domesticated individuals from 13 Maradol papaya plantations. We found, (a) the presence of individuals that may be the result of a hybridization process between wild and domesticated papaya; (b) a higher genetic diversity in the wild group (H = 0.18) in comparison to the domesticated group (H = 0.09); and (c) low migration rates from domesticated to wild plants (m = 0.005). The domesticated-to-wild gene flow in C. papaya can have a negative effect on the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of wild populations from this region. The conservation of crop wild relatives should be a priority since they are part of various ecological processes and are considered natural reservoirs of genetic diversity for crops.
由于全球对粮食生产的需求增加，培育改良品种被用作一种策略以实现产量最大化。改良的马拉多罗木瓜品种于20世纪90年代被引入墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛（YP），这里是木瓜的中美洲多样性地区。驯化的木瓜和野生木瓜属于同一物种（番木瓜Carica papaya L.），这促进了基因从作物流向其野生近缘种，威胁到该地区野生木瓜种群的遗传多样性。在本研究中，我们采用群体基因组方法来评估从驯化到野生的基因流对YP地区野生木瓜遗传结构和多样性的影响。我们对来自15个采集地点的227个野生个体和来自13个马拉多罗木瓜种植园的127个驯化个体使用了2054个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记。我们发现，（a）存在可能是野生和驯化木瓜杂交过程结果的个体；（b）与驯化群体（H = 0.09）相比，野生群体（H = 0.18）具有更高的遗传多样性；以及（c）从驯化植物到野生植物的迁移率较低（m = 0.005）。番木瓜中从驯化到野生的基因流可能会对该地区野生种群的遗传多样性和适应潜力产生负面影响。作物野生近缘种的保护应成为优先事项，因为它们是各种生态过程的一部分，并且被视为作物遗传多样性的天然储存库。
