Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Exercise Science and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Sep;27(9):2355-65. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31829bd7c5.
This study compared performance and muscle architecture (MA) changes in starters (S) and nonstarters (NS) during a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's soccer season. Twenty-eight women (19.9 ± 1.1 years; 1.71 ± 0.08 m; 64.7 ± 6.4 kg) were monitored for vertical jump power (VJP), repeated line drills (LDs), 3-dimensional multiple object tracking (3D-MOT), and reaction time (RT) at preseason, midseason, and postseason. Muscle architecture changes using ultrasonography were assessed at preseason and postseason. Comparisons between S (n = 11; 70.0 ± 14.6 min per game) and NS (n = 17; 8.4 ± 8.0 min per game) were performed to make magnitude-based inferences. No differences were seen in VJP during the season in either group. Starters were more likely (81.1%) to decrease LD time than NS, with no differences in fatigue rate. Starters and NS improved 3D-MOT (1.14 ± 0.41 to 1.55 ± 0.43) and RT (0.37 ± 0.05 to 0.34 ± 0.33 seconds), with no differences between groups. Rectus femoris (RF) echo intensity improved (65.57 ± 1.50 to 61.26 ± 1.59) in both groups, with no interactions observed. Cross-sectional area (20.84 ± 3.58 to 21.46 ± 3.66 cm) increased and pennation angle (PANG) (12.58 ± 2.56 to 11.78 ± 2.03°) decreased for both groups in the vastus lateralis (VL). Muscle architecture comparisons between groups revealed S likely decreased VL muscle thickness (MT) and PANG (81.6 and 79.4%, respectively) and possibly decreased RF MT and PANG (65.7 and 59.4%, respectively) when compared with NS. Results indicate that VJP and LD fatigue rate are not changed during a competitive season, but S become faster than NS. Three-dimensional multiple object tracking and RT improve regardless of playing time. Changes in MA indicate that practices alone provide sufficient stimulus for improving muscle quality during the competitive season.
本研究比较了美国大学生体育协会（NCAA）一级女子足球赛季中首发球员（S）和非首发球员（NS）的表现和肌肉结构（MA）变化。28 名女性（19.9±1.1 岁；1.71±0.08m；64.7±6.4kg）在赛季前、赛季中和赛季后分别进行了垂直跳跃力量（VJP）、重复线训练（LD）、三维多目标跟踪（3D-MOT）和反应时间（RT）的监测。使用超声评估了 MA 在赛季前和赛季后的变化。对 S（n=11；每场比赛 70.0±14.6 分钟）和 NS（n=17；每场比赛 8.4±8.0 分钟）进行了比较，以进行基于幅度的推断。在整个赛季中，两组的 VJP 均无差异。首发球员比 NS 更有可能（81.1%）减少 LD 时间，但疲劳率没有差异。首发球员和 NS 都提高了 3D-MOT（1.14±0.41 至 1.55±0.43）和 RT（0.37±0.05 至 0.34±0.33 秒），但两组之间没有差异。两组股直肌（RF）回声强度均提高（65.57±1.50 至 61.26±1.59），无交互作用。股外侧肌（VL）的横截面积（20.84±3.58 至 21.46±3.66cm）增加，节段角（PANG）（12.58±2.56 至 11.78±2.03°）减小。与 NS 相比，S 可能会降低 VL 肌肉厚度（MT）和 PANG（分别为 81.6%和 79.4%），并可能降低 RF MT 和 PANG（分别为 65.7%和 59.4%）。结果表明，在竞争赛季中，VJP 和 LD 疲劳率没有变化，但 S 比 NS 更快。无论比赛时间如何，3D-MOT 和 RT 都会提高。MA 的变化表明，仅练习就可以为竞争赛季中肌肉质量的提高提供足够的刺激。
