Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
Stud Fam Plann. 2013 Jun;44(2):169-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00351.x.
The policy framework guiding Kenya's response to the AIDS epidemic identifies voluntary counseling and testing as crucial to risk reduction and HIV-preventive activities. Yet in Kenya, as in most sub-Saharan countries, voluntary testing rates are low, especially among young people. Using hierarchical linear models, we identify both individual- and teacher/school-level factors that affect voluntary HIV testing among secondary school students in Kenya. Results indicate that adolescents are more likely to test for HIV serostatus when they are knowledgeable about testing, have been involved in HIV/AIDS activities in primary school, have been provided with HIV information in secondary school, perceive themselves as at high risk of contracting HIV or know of someone infected with or who has died from HIV/AIDS, and have ever engaged in sexual intercourse. Barriers include fear of going to testing centers and being perceived as HIV-positive. Teacher/school-level characteristics are relevant for explaining rates of HIV testing, especially among girls. To encourage testing, policymakers should attend to teacher/school-level factors as well as individual characteristics of students.
指导肯尼亚应对艾滋病流行的政策框架将自愿咨询和检测确定为减少风险和开展艾滋病毒预防活动的关键。然而，在肯尼亚，像在大多数撒哈拉以南非洲国家一样，自愿检测率很低，尤其是在年轻人中。本文使用分层线性模型，确定了影响肯尼亚中学生自愿艾滋病毒检测的个人因素和教师/学校层面的因素。结果表明，当青少年对检测有更多了解、在小学参与过艾滋病毒/艾滋病活动、在中学接受过艾滋病毒信息、认为自己感染艾滋病毒的风险高、知道有人感染艾滋病毒或死于艾滋病毒/艾滋病，并且曾经发生过性行为时，他们更有可能接受艾滋病毒血清学检测。障碍包括害怕去检测中心和被认为感染艾滋病毒。教师/学校层面的特征与解释艾滋病毒检测率有关，尤其是在女孩中。为了鼓励检测，政策制定者应关注教师/学校层面的因素以及学生的个人特征。
