Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2013 Apr;3(2):833-48. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100047.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative movement disorder. PD was originally attributed to neuronal loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta, and a concomitant loss of dopamine. PD is now thought to be a multisystem disorder that involves not only the dopaminergic system, but other neurotransmitter systems whose role may become more prominent as the disease progresses (189). PD is characterized by four cardinal symptoms, resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, all of which are motor. However, PD also may include any combination of a myriad of nonmotor symptoms (195). Both motor and nonmotor symptoms may impact the ability of those with PD to participate in exercise and/or impact the effects of that exercise on those with PD. This article provides a comprehensive overview of PD, its symptoms and progression, and current treatments for PD. Among these treatments, exercise is currently at the forefront. People with PD retain the ability to participate in many forms of exercise and generally respond to exercise interventions similarly to age-matched subjects without PD. As such, exercise is currently an area receiving substantial research attention as investigators seek interventions that may modify the progression of the disease, perhaps through neuroprotective mechanisms.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性、神经退行性运动障碍。PD 最初归因于黑质致密部神经元丧失，以及多巴胺的伴随丧失。PD 现在被认为是一种多系统疾病，不仅涉及多巴胺能系统，还涉及其他神经递质系统，随着疾病的进展，这些系统的作用可能变得更加突出（189）。PD 的特征是四个主要症状，静止性震颤、僵硬、运动迟缓，和姿势不稳，都是运动症状。然而，PD 也可能包括无数非运动症状的任何组合（195）。运动和非运动症状都可能影响 PD 患者参与运动的能力，或影响运动对 PD 患者的影响。本文全面概述了 PD 及其症状和进展，以及 PD 的当前治疗方法。在这些治疗方法中，运动目前处于前沿。PD 患者仍然有能力参与许多形式的运动，并且通常对运动干预的反应与年龄匹配的非 PD 患者相似。因此，运动目前是一个受到大量研究关注的领域，因为研究人员正在寻找可能通过神经保护机制来改变疾病进展的干预措施。
