Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013 Jun;137(6):782-90. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0695-RA.
Cervical cancer remains the most common malignancy in women living in low- and middle-income countries, despite the decline of the disease in countries where cervical cytology screening programs have been implemented.
To review the current incidence of cervical cancer in low-resource countries, the availability and types of screening programs, and the treatment options.
Literature review through PubMed, Internet search, and personal communication.
Although data are incomplete, available figures confirm that the rate of cervical cancer deaths and the availability of cervical cancer screening programs are inversely proportional and vary, in general, by the wealth of the nation. Despite the success of cervical cytology screening, many major health care organizations have abandoned screening by cytology in favor of direct visualization methods with immediate treatment of lesions by cryotherapy provided by trained, nonmedical personnel.
尽管在实施了宫颈癌细胞学筛查项目的国家，该疾病的发病率有所下降，但宫颈癌仍然是中低收入国家女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤。
回顾资源匮乏国家宫颈癌的当前发病率、筛查项目的可及性和类型，以及治疗选择。
通过 PubMed、互联网搜索和个人交流进行文献回顾。
尽管数据不完整，但现有数据证实，宫颈癌死亡率和宫颈癌筛查项目的可及性呈反比，总体上因国家的富裕程度而异。尽管宫颈癌细胞学筛查取得了成功，但许多主要的医疗保健组织已经放弃了细胞学筛查，转而采用直接可视化方法，由经过培训的非医务人员立即对病变进行冷冻治疗。
