Bhatnagar Puneet, Rai Shalu, Bhatnagar Gunjan, Kaur Mandeep, Goel Sumit, Prabhat Mukul
Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Kadrabad, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Family Community Med. 2013 Jan;20(1):41-8. doi: 10.4103/2230-8229.108183.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) in adult patients reporting to the dental outpatient department at the Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. The purpose was to determine the priorities in oral health education, preventive measures, and identify the group in urgent need of treatment.
The study was conducted over a period of 6 months in 2010, when 8866 subjects were offered structured interviews and standardized extraoral and intraoral examinations according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
Overall prevalence of OML was 1736 (16.8%), the most prevalent being smoker's palate (10.44%) followed by leukoplakia (2.83%), oral submucous fibrosis (1.97%), oral candidiasis (1.61%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (1.53%), oral lichen planus (0.8%) and others (0.78%). The highest prevalence of the tobacco habit in both forms was recorded in the group aged 40-44 yearsand those aged between 60 and 64 years who wore dentures. Lesions were most prevalent in those aged 40-44 years with a significant predominance of males at 3:1 (M = 12.6% and F = 4.3%). Patients who consumed tobacco in any form or wore dentures had a significantly higher prevalence of OML (P < 0.001). The highest number of lesions were on the palate (59.7%) followed by buccal mucosa (19.9%). Various normal mucosal variants were recorded. Fordyce's granules (0.13%), fissured tongue (3.3%), leukoedema (1.47%), and lingual varices (2.73%) were also recorded. The tongue showed the highest number of variants (64.4%). Patients were grouped according to the treatment needed under the WHO criteria. One hundred and ninety-seven patients were given oral hygiene instructions only, whereas 1422 patients were advised on change of habit and a follow-up and 674 patients needed definitive treatment.
This study thus highlights diagnostic criteria, multifactorial risk factors to make standard measurements of OML a basis for planning and evaluating oral health programs for data collection.
本研究旨在评估印度北方邦莫迪纳加尔牙科学院和技术研究所牙科门诊部成年患者口腔黏膜病变（OML）的患病率。目的是确定口腔健康教育、预防措施的重点，并确定急需治疗的人群。
本研究于2010年进行了6个月，期间根据世界卫生组织（WHO）指南，对8866名受试者进行了结构化访谈以及标准化的口外和口内检查。
OML的总体患病率为1736例（16.8%），最常见的是吸烟者腭部病变（10.44%），其次是白斑（2.83%）、口腔黏膜下纤维化（1.97%）、口腔念珠菌病（1.61%）、复发性阿弗他口炎（1.53%）、口腔扁平苔藓（0.8%）及其他（0.78%）。两种形式的烟草使用习惯在40 - 44岁年龄组以及60 - 64岁佩戴假牙的人群中患病率最高。病变在40 - 44岁人群中最为普遍，男性患病率显著高于女性，比例为3:1（男性 = 12.6%，女性 = 4.3%）。以任何形式使用烟草或佩戴假牙的患者OML患病率显著更高（P < 0.001）。病变数量最多的部位是腭部（59.7%），其次是颊黏膜（19.9%）。记录了各种正常黏膜变异情况。还记录了福代斯颗粒（0.13%）、沟纹舌（3.3%）、白色水肿（1.47%）和舌静脉曲张（2.73%）。舌部出现的变异情况最多（64.4%）。根据WHO标准，将患者按照所需治疗进行分组。197名患者仅接受了口腔卫生指导，1422名患者被建议改变习惯并进行随访，674名患者需要确定性治疗。
因此，本研究强调了诊断标准、多因素风险因素，以使OML的标准测量成为规划和评估口腔健康项目以进行数据收集的基础。
