Chiplonkar Shashi, Khadilkar Anuradha, Pandit-Agrawal Deepa, Kawade Rama, Kadam Nidhi, Ekbote Veena, Sanwalka Neha, Khadilkar Vaman
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013;26(9-10):825-32. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0106.
Micronutrient deficiencies are common consequences of the plant-based diet in children from developing countries which may affect their linear and ponderal growth. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between micronutrient status and growth indices in Indian girls. In cross-sectional studies (2006-2010), data on weight, height and diet were collected on 1302 girls (2-18 years) from Pune city, India. Fasting hemoglobin was measured on 1118 girls and serum zinc was measured on 695 girls. Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index for age Z-score (BMIZ) were computed using contemporary Indian references. HAZ >-1 was observed in 54% girls, and 18.1% were short (HAZ <-2). BMIZ was within the reference range (-2<BMIZ<2) in majority (82.4%) of the girls. Average HAZ and BMIZ were significantly higher in higher socioeconomic (HSE) than in middle (MSE) and lower (LSE) socioeconomic groups (p<0.05). Girls in all age groups had calcium, zinc, iron and vitamin intakes of <50% of Indian recommended dietary intakes. Mean nutrient intakes were significantly higher in HSE than in MSE and LSE girls (p<0.05). Girls with short stature (HAZ <-2) had significantly lower intakes of calcium, zinc, iron, β-carotene, riboflavin, niacin, folate and ascorbic acid (p<0.05). Higher levels of serum zinc and hemoglobin were observed in girls with HAZ >-1 than in short girls even after adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES). The mean serum zinc level of thin girls (BMIZ <-2) was significantly lower than those of both normal and overweight girls after adjusting for SES. Micronutrient sufficiency is of paramount importance for adequate growth in Indian girls.
微量营养素缺乏是发展中国家儿童以植物性饮食为主所导致的常见后果，这可能会影响他们的线性生长和体重增长。本研究的目的是调查印度女孩微量营养素状况与生长指标之间的关联。在横断面研究（2006 - 2010年）中，收集了印度浦那市1302名2至18岁女孩的体重、身高和饮食数据。对1118名女孩测量了空腹血红蛋白，对695名女孩测量了血清锌。使用当代印度参考标准计算年龄别身高Z评分（HAZ）和年龄别体重指数Z评分（BMIZ）。54%的女孩HAZ > -1，18.1%的女孩身材矮小（HAZ < -2）。大多数（82.4%）女孩的BMIZ在参考范围内（-2 < BMIZ < 2）。社会经济地位较高（HSE）组女孩的平均HAZ和BMIZ显著高于社会经济地位中等（MSE）组和较低（LSE）组（p < 0.05）。所有年龄组的女孩钙、锌、铁和维生素摄入量均低于印度推荐膳食摄入量的50%。HSE组女孩的平均营养素摄入量显著高于MSE组和LSE组女孩（p < 0.05）。身材矮小（HAZ < -2）的女孩钙、锌、铁、β - 胡萝卜素、核黄素、烟酸、叶酸和抗坏血酸的摄入量显著较低（p < 0.05）。即使在调整社会经济地位（SES）后，HAZ > -1的女孩血清锌和血红蛋白水平也高于身材矮小的女孩。在调整SES后，瘦女孩（BMIZ < -2）的平均血清锌水平显著低于正常和超重女孩。微量营养素充足对于印度女孩的充分生长至关重要。
