Fisch-Shvalb Naama, Zur Maya, Lazar Liora, Shamir Raanan, Phillip Moshe, Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal
Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Pediatr Res. 2024 Nov 6. doi: 10.1038/s41390-024-03678-3.
The exceptional growth rate during adolescence demands increased dietary intake. We aimed to compare diet and lifestyle of pre-adolescents with height and weight below the 10 percentile, with those of pre-adolescents of higher height and weight.
This case-control study included healthy pre-pubertal girls (≥9 years) and boys (≥10 years). The case groups included 31 girls and 32 boys with height and weight <10th percentile, and weight percentile ≤height percentile. The control groups comprised 24 girls and 24 boys, with height ≥25th percentile, BMI 5th-85th percentiles. Participants completed 3-day food diaries and lifestyle-related questionnaires.
Energy intake/estimated-requirement and protein/body-weight were comparable in the case and control groups, both in boys and girls. In boys, fat (P = 0.050) and carbohydrate (P ≤ 0.001) intakes/body-weight were higher in the case group versus controls; and iron (P < 0.001), zinc (P = 0.005), vitamin A (P < 0.001), calcium (P = 0.005), and vitamin C (P = 0.034) consumption were lower. In girls, carbohydrate/body-weight was higher in the case group compared to controls (P = 0.007); micronutrient intake was comparable, and lower than recommended. Compared to controls, short and thin boys reported less sleep during weekdays (P < 0.001).
Relatively short, thin pre-adolescents may have distinct dietary intake and sleeping patterns compared to taller peers, especially boys.
Nutrition is a key environmental determinant of childhood growth. Not much is known about late nutritional impact on growth in children whose anthropometric indices are below the 10th percentile. We compared food diaries and lifestyle questionnaires of pre-pubertal pre-adolescents with height <10th percentiles and weight≤height for age and sex, with those of peers with indices in higher percentiles. We found distinct differences in micronutrient intakes and sleep duration in the shorter boys, but no energy deficit in either sex. We suggest that diet and lifestyle parameters should be evaluated in children with relatively low anthropometric indices, to ensure optimal growth.
青春期期间的超常生长速度需要增加饮食摄入量。我们旨在比较身高和体重低于第10百分位数的青春期前儿童与身高和体重较高的青春期前儿童的饮食和生活方式。
这项病例对照研究纳入了健康的青春期前女孩（≥9岁）和男孩（≥10岁）。病例组包括31名女孩和32名男孩，其身高和体重<第10百分位数，且体重百分位数≤身高百分位数。对照组包括24名女孩和24名男孩，身高≥第25百分位数，BMI处于第5 - 85百分位数。参与者完成了3天的食物日记和与生活方式相关的问卷。
病例组和对照组男孩和女孩的能量摄入量/估计需求量以及蛋白质/体重相当。在男孩中，病例组脂肪（P = 0.050）和碳水化合物（P≤0.001）摄入量/体重高于对照组；铁（P < 0.001）、锌（P = 0.005）、维生素A（P < 0.001）、钙（P = 0.005）和维生素C（P = 0.034）的摄入量较低。在女孩中，病例组碳水化合物/体重高于对照组（P = 0.007）；微量营养素摄入量相当，但低于推荐量。与对照组相比，身材矮小且瘦薄的男孩在工作日睡眠较少（P < 0.001）。
与较高的同龄人相比，相对矮小、瘦薄的青春期前儿童可能有不同的饮食摄入量和睡眠模式，尤其是男孩。
营养是儿童生长的关键环境决定因素。对于人体测量指数低于第10百分位数的儿童，后期营养对生长的影响知之甚少。我们比较了身高<第10百分位数且体重≤根据年龄和性别对应的身高的青春期前儿童与指数处于较高百分位数的同龄人的食物日记和生活方式问卷。我们发现较矮男孩的微量营养素摄入量和睡眠时间存在明显差异，但两性均无能量不足。我们建议应对人体测量指数相对较低的儿童的饮食和生活方式参数进行评估，以确保最佳生长。
