Tennant F
Community Health Projects, Inc., West Covina, California.
Clin Lab Med. 1990 Jun;10(2):301-9.
Urine screening by polarized fluorescent immunoassay (PFI), which can quantitate concentrations of drugs of abuse within specific ranges, has recently been developed. It is rapid and inexpensive, so it can be clinically used on a routine basis. Reported here are the urine concentrations of marijuana, cocaine, phencyclidine, and amphetamine metabolites in 790 clinical patients who either sought medical detoxification for a self-diagnosis of addiction, or a counseling and urine testing program with the self-perception that they were occasional, nonaddicted users. Mean urine concentrations of cocaine, phencyclidine, and amphetamine, but not marijuana, metabolites were significantly higher in addicted than nonaddicted patients. Sequential urine tests in addicts progressively demonstrate reduced urine concentrations for as long as several weeks if cessation of usage has occurred. Nonaddicted, occasional users usually produce a negative urine sample within 2 to 3 days. Despite some overlap in urine concentrations between addicted and nonaddicted users at the time of admission for treatment, quantitative urine testing is a valuable adjunct in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of drug abuse.
最近开发了一种通过偏振荧光免疫分析（PFI）进行尿液筛查的方法，它可以在特定范围内定量检测滥用药物的浓度。该方法快速且成本低廉，因此可在临床上常规使用。本文报告了790名临床患者尿液中大麻、可卡因、苯环己哌啶和苯丙胺代谢物的浓度，这些患者要么因自我诊断成瘾而寻求医学戒毒，要么参加了咨询和尿液检测项目，他们自认为是偶尔使用药物的非成瘾者。成瘾患者尿液中可卡因、苯环己哌啶和苯丙胺代谢物的平均浓度显著高于非成瘾患者，但大麻代谢物的浓度并非如此。如果成瘾者停止使用药物，连续几周的尿液检测会逐渐显示尿液浓度降低。非成瘾的偶尔使用者通常在2至3天内尿液检测呈阴性。尽管在治疗入院时，成瘾者和非成瘾者的尿液浓度存在一些重叠，但定量尿液检测仍是药物滥用临床诊断和治疗的一项有价值的辅助手段。
