Kornides M L, Nansel T R, Quick V, Haynie D L, Lipsky L M, Laffel L M B, Mehta S N
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Child Care Health Dev. 2014 May;40(3):405-11. doi: 10.1111/cch.12078. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
While benefits of family mealtimes, such as improved dietary quality and increased family communication, have been well-documented in the general population, less is known about family meal habits that contribute to more frequent family meals in youth with type 1 diabetes.
This cross-sectional study surveyed 282 youth ages 8-18 years with type 1 diabetes and their parents on measures regarding diabetes-related and dietary behaviours. T-tests determined significant differences in youth's diet quality, adherence to diabetes management and glycaemic control between those with and without regular family meals (defined as ≥ 5 meals per week). Logistic regression analyses determined unadjusted and adjusted associations of age, socio-demographics, family meal habits, and family meal preparation characteristics with regular family meals.
57% of parents reported having regular family meals. Families with regular family meals had significantly better diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (P < 0.05) and the NRF9.3 (P < 0.01), and adherence to diabetes management (P < 0.001); the difference in glycaemic control approached statistical significance (P = 0.06). Priority placed on, pleasant atmosphere and greater structure around family meals were each associated with regular family meals (P < 0.05). Meals prepared at home were positively associated with regular family meals, while convenience and fast foods were negatively associated (P < 0.05). Families in which at least one parent worked part-time or stayed at home were significantly more likely to have regular family meals than families in which both parents worked full-time (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression model, greater parental priority given to family mealtimes (P < 0.001) and more home-prepared meals (P < 0.001) predicted occurrence of regular family meals; adjusting for parent work status and other family meal habits.
Strategies for promoting families meals should not only highlight the benefits of family meals, but also facilitate parents' skills for and barriers to home-prepared meals.
虽然家庭用餐的益处，如改善饮食质量和增进家庭交流，在普通人群中已有充分记录，但对于有助于1型糖尿病青少年更频繁地进行家庭用餐的家庭饮食习惯，人们了解较少。
这项横断面研究对282名8至18岁的1型糖尿病青少年及其父母进行了调查，内容涉及与糖尿病相关的行为和饮食行为。t检验确定了有规律家庭用餐（定义为每周≥5餐）和无规律家庭用餐的青少年在饮食质量、糖尿病管理依从性和血糖控制方面的显著差异。逻辑回归分析确定了年龄、社会人口统计学、家庭用餐习惯和家庭用餐准备特征与有规律家庭用餐之间的未调整和调整后的关联。
57%的父母报告有规律的家庭用餐。通过健康饮食指数（P<0.05）和NRF9.3（P<0.01）衡量，有规律家庭用餐的家庭饮食质量显著更好，糖尿病管理依从性也更高（P<0.001）；血糖控制方面的差异接近统计学显著性（P = 0.06）。对家庭用餐的重视程度、愉快的氛围以及家庭用餐的更多条理结构均与有规律家庭用餐相关（P<0.05）。在家准备的餐食与有规律家庭用餐呈正相关，而便利食品和快餐则呈负相关（P<0.05）。至少有一位家长兼职工作或待在家中的家庭比父母双方均全职工作的家庭更有可能有规律地进行家庭用餐（P<0.05）。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，父母对家庭用餐时间的更高重视程度（P<0.0！）和更多在家准备的餐食（P<0.001）预测了有规律家庭用餐的发生；在调整了家长工作状态和其他家庭用餐习惯后依然如此。
促进家庭用餐的策略不仅应强调家庭用餐的益处，还应提高父母准备家庭餐食的技能并克服相关障碍。
