Institute Micalis UMR1319, INRA, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2013 Sep;346(1):11-9. doi: 10.1111/1574-6968.12189. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
In this review, we address some recent developments in the field of bacterial protein phosphorylation, focusing specifically on serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. We present an overview of recent studies outlining the scope of physiological processes that are regulated by phosphorylation, ranging from cell cycle, growth, cell morphology, to metabolism, developmental phenomena, and virulence. Specific emphasis is placed on Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a showcase organism for serine/threonine kinases, and Bacillus subtilis to illustrate the importance of protein phosphorylation in developmental processes. We argue that bacterial serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases have a distinctive feature of phosphorylating multiple substrates and might thus represent integration nodes in the signaling network. Some open questions regarding the evolutionary benefits of relaxed substrate selectivity of these kinases are treated, as well as the notion of nonfunctional 'background' phosphorylation of cellular proteins. We also argue that phosphorylation events for which an immediate regulatory effect is not clearly established should not be dismissed as unimportant, as they may have a role in cross-talk with other post-translational modifications. Finally, recently developed methods for studying protein phosphorylation networks in bacteria are briefly discussed.
在这篇综述中，我们将讨论细菌蛋白质磷酸化领域的一些最新进展，重点关注丝氨酸/苏氨酸和酪氨酸激酶。我们概述了最近的研究，阐述了磷酸化调节的生理过程的范围，从细胞周期、生长、细胞形态到代谢、发育现象和毒力。特别强调结核分枝杆菌作为丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的展示生物，以及枯草芽孢杆菌来说明蛋白质磷酸化在发育过程中的重要性。我们认为，细菌丝氨酸/苏氨酸和酪氨酸激酶具有磷酸化多个底物的独特特征，因此可能代表信号网络中的整合节点。我们还讨论了这些激酶对底物选择性放松的进化优势的一些开放性问题，以及细胞蛋白非功能性“背景”磷酸化的概念。我们还认为，对于那些尚未明确建立直接调节作用的磷酸化事件，不应将其视为不重要，因为它们可能在与其他翻译后修饰的交叉对话中发挥作用。最后，简要讨论了用于研究细菌中蛋白质磷酸化网络的最新方法。
