灵性和宗教参与对心理困扰与负面生活事件之间关系的影响。
The effect of spirituality and religious attendance on the relationship between psychological distress and negative life events.
机构信息
College of Management Sciences, PAF-KIET, Main Campus, Korangi Creek, Karachi, Pakistan,
出版信息
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014 Mar;49(3):487-97. doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0723-x. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of religious attendance and spirituality on the relationship between negative life events and psychological distress.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 1,071 community dwelling adults from East Baltimore, Maryland who participated in the fourth (2004-2005) wave of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. The 20-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20) was used to measure psychological distress. Multiple regression models were used to assess the association between negative life events and distress as well as to measure the effect of religious attendance and spirituality on the association between psychological distress and negative events while adjusting for demographic variables, past distress and social support from friends and relatives.
RESULTS
In pooled analysis, negative events were significant predictors of distress, b = 1.00, β = 0.072, p < 0.05. Religious attendance and spirituality did not affect or modify the association between negative events and distress. However, religious attendance was inversely associated with distress with higher frequency of attendance associated with lower distress after controlling for demographic and social support factors, b = -2.10, β = -.110, p < 0.01 for attending 1-3 times a month; b = -2.39, β = -0.156, p < 0.01 for attending weekly; and b = -3.13, β = -0.160, p < 0.001 for attending more than once per week. In stratified analysis, negative events were associated with distress for those who were low on spirituality, b = 1.23, β = 0.092, p < .05, but not for those who were high on spirituality; the association between religious attendance and decreased distress was true only for those scoring high in spirituality. Social support accounted for some of the inverse association between religious and distress.
CONCLUSION
Religious attendance and spirituality may play a role in how people experience and deal with difficult life situations.
目的
本研究旨在评估宗教参与和灵性对负面生活事件与心理困扰之间关系的影响。
方法
这是一项横断面研究，纳入了来自马里兰州东巴尔的摩的 1071 名社区居住成年人，他们参加了巴尔的摩流行病学抽样区研究的第四波（2004-2005 年）。使用 20 项一般健康问卷（GHQ-20）来衡量心理困扰。采用多元回归模型来评估负面生活事件与困扰之间的关联，以及在调整人口统计学变量、既往困扰和来自朋友和亲戚的社会支持的情况下，衡量宗教参与和灵性对困扰与负面事件之间关联的影响。
结果
在汇总分析中，负面事件是困扰的显著预测因素，b = 1.00，β = 0.072，p < 0.05。宗教参与和灵性均未影响或改变负面事件与困扰之间的关联。然而，宗教参与与困扰呈负相关，在控制人口统计学和社会支持因素后，每月参加 1-3 次宗教活动的个体，其困扰程度更低，b = -2.10，β = -0.110，p < 0.01；每周参加宗教活动的个体，其困扰程度更低，b = -2.39，β = -0.156，p < 0.01；每周参加宗教活动超过一次的个体，其困扰程度更低，b = -3.13，β = -0.160，p < 0.001。在分层分析中，对于灵性水平较低的个体，负面事件与困扰相关，b = 1.23，β = 0.092，p <.05，而对于灵性水平较高的个体则不相关；宗教参与与困扰程度降低之间的关联仅适用于灵性评分较高的个体。社会支持解释了宗教与困扰之间的部分负相关。
结论
宗教参与和灵性可能在人们体验和应对困难生活情境的方式上发挥作用。
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