Chouaib Salem
Institut Gustave-Roussy, U753 Inserm, 39, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France.
Bull Cancer. 2013 Jun;100(6):569-74. doi: 10.1684/bdc.2013.1754.
Since the introduction of the concept of immunosurveillance in 1970 by Macfarlane Burnet and Lewis Thomas, cancer immunology has known a significant revolution and an explosion of discoveries. In this regard, manipulation of the immune system in cancer pathology has been a succession of enthusiasms and failures. Thanks to the fundamental achievements during the past three decades, non-specific passive immunotherapy of cancer has shifted to active specific immunotherapy. Thanks to the immunological arsenal (tumor peptides, dendritic cells), the clinical trials have increased but the results were not encouraging. It became clear that the escape of immunosurveillance by tumor cells is under the control of the complex tumor microenvironment and its heterogeneity, complexity and plasticity. The future of immunotherapy lies in an integrative approach to simultaneously boost the immune system and target the tumor microenvironment or combine immunotherapy with conventional treatments. In this review, we will focus on the development of cancer immunotherapy, its realities, failure and hope it raises as the fourth modality of cancer therapy.
自1970年麦克法伦·伯内特和刘易斯·托马斯提出免疫监视概念以来，癌症免疫学经历了重大变革和发现的爆发。在这方面，癌症病理学中对免疫系统的操控经历了一系列的热情与失败。得益于过去三十年的基础成就，癌症的非特异性被动免疫疗法已转向主动特异性免疫疗法。借助免疫武器库（肿瘤肽、树突状细胞），临床试验有所增加，但结果并不令人鼓舞。很明显，肿瘤细胞对免疫监视的逃逸受复杂的肿瘤微环境及其异质性、复杂性和可塑性的控制。免疫疗法的未来在于一种综合方法，即同时增强免疫系统并靶向肿瘤微环境，或将免疫疗法与传统治疗相结合。在本综述中，我们将聚焦于癌症免疫疗法的发展、其现状、失败之处以及作为癌症治疗第四种方式所带来的希望。
