将异常行为用作自闭症儿童的强化物。
Using aberrant behaviors as reinforcers for autistic children.
作者信息
Charlop M H, Kurtz P F, Casey F G
机构信息
Psychology Department, Claremont McKenna College, California 91711.
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1990 Summer;23(2):163-81. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-163.
In a series of experiments, we assessed the efficacy of using autistic children's aberrant behaviors as reinforcers to increase their correct task responding. In Experiment 1, reinforcer conditions of stereotypy, food, and varied (food or stereotypy) were compared. In Experiment 2, the conditions were delayed echolalia, food, and varied (food or delayed echolalia), and in Experiment 3, perseverative behavior was compared with stereotypy and food as potential reinforcers. A multielement design was used for all comparisons, and side-effect measures were recorded during and after teaching sessions as well as at home. Results indicated that, in general, task performance was highest when brief opportunities to engage in aberrant behaviors were provided as reinforcers. Edibles were associated with the lowest performance. Furthermore, no negative side effects (e.g., an increase in aberrant behaviors) occurred. The results are discussed in terms of suggesting a more pragmatic treatment approach by addressing the contingent use of autistic children's aberrant behaviors as reinforcers.
在一系列实验中，我们评估了将自闭症儿童的异常行为用作强化物以增加其正确任务反应的效果。在实验1中，比较了刻板行为、食物以及多样化（食物或刻板行为）的强化条件。在实验2中，条件为延迟模仿、食物以及多样化（食物或延迟模仿），并且在实验3中，将持续性行为与刻板行为和食物作为潜在强化物进行了比较。所有比较均采用多元素设计，并且在教学期间和之后以及在家中记录了副作用指标。结果表明，总体而言，当提供短暂的机会让其进行异常行为作为强化物时，任务表现最高。可食用物品与最低的表现相关。此外，未出现负面副作用（例如，异常行为增加）。结果从通过将自闭症儿童的异常行为作为强化物的偶然使用来提出一种更务实的治疗方法的角度进行了讨论。
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