Neuron specific enolase and serum remain unaffected by ultra high frequency left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression: a preliminary study.

Serum levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and protein S-100 were analysed in 22 patients with depression, who got repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for 3 weeks with ultra high frequency stimulation or sham. NSE and S-100 at baseline and after 3 weeks did not differ between the groups. Neither in the ultra high frequency group, nor in the sham group a difference between baseline and end could be found. No evidence for a significant rise in brain damage markers in rTMS was found in this preliminary study.