Department of Basic Science and Environment, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg , Denmark.
Nanotoxicology. 2014 Aug;8(5):559-72. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.809808. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
To determine how soil properties influence nanoparticle (NP) fate, bioavailability and toxicity, this study compared the toxicity of nano zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), non-nano ZnO and ionic ZnCl2 to the earthworm Eisenia fetida in a natural soil at three pH levels. NP characterisation indicated that reaction with the soil media greatly controls ZnO properties. Three main conclusions were drawn. First that Zn toxicity, especially for reproduction, was influenced by pH for all Zn forms. This can be linked to the influence of pH on Zn dissolution. Secondly, that ZnO fate, toxicity and bioaccumulation were similar (including relationships with pH) for both ZnO forms, indicating the absence of NP-specific effects. Finally, earthworm Zn concentrations were higher in worms exposed to ZnO compared to ZnCl2, despite the greater toxicity of the ionic form. This observation suggests the importance of considering the relationship between uptake and toxicity in nanotoxicology studies.
为了确定土壤特性如何影响纳米颗粒（NP）的命运、生物利用度和毒性，本研究在三种 pH 值下，比较了纳米氧化锌（ZnO NPs）、非纳米 ZnO 和离子 ZnCl2 对赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）的毒性。NP 特性表明，与土壤介质的反应极大地控制着 ZnO 的特性。得出了三个主要结论。首先，对于所有 Zn 形态，Zn 的毒性，特别是对繁殖的毒性，都受到 pH 的影响。这可以归因于 pH 对 Zn 溶解的影响。其次，两种 ZnO 形态的 ZnO 命运、毒性和生物累积相似（包括与 pH 的关系），表明不存在 NP 特异性效应。最后，与 ZnCl2 相比，暴露于 ZnO 的蚯蚓中 Zn 的浓度更高，尽管离子形式的毒性更大。这一观察结果表明，在纳米毒理学研究中，考虑吸收和毒性之间的关系非常重要。
