Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013 Mar-Apr;46(2):141-6. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0016-2012.
The year 2009 marked the beginning of a pandemic caused by a new variant of influenza A (H1N1). After spreading through North America, the pandemic influenza virus (H1N1) 2009 spread rapidly throughout the world. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cases of pandemic influenza in a tropical/semi-arid region of Brazil.
A retrospective study analyzed all suspected cases of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 reported in the Ceará State through the National Information System for Notifiable Diseases during the pandemic period between 28 April, 2009 and November 25, 2010.
A total of 616 suspected cases were notified, 58 (9.4%) in the containment phase and 558 (90.6%) in the mitigation phase. Most cases were of affected young people resident in the City of Fortaleza, the largest urban center in the State of Ceará. The most frequent symptoms presented by the cases with confirmed infection were fever, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and nasal congestion. Mortality rate was 0.0009/1,000 inhabitants and lethality was 5.6%. Deaths were observed only in the mitigation phase. Mortality rates were similar for both sexes but were higher in the age group under 5 years.
The study suggests that the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in this tropical/semi-arid region had a lower magnitude when compared to states in the Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil.
2009 年标志着由甲型流感（H1N1）新变体引起的大流行的开始。大流行流感病毒（H1N1）2009 在美国传播后，迅速在全球范围内传播。本研究旨在描述巴西热带/半干旱地区大流行流感病例的临床和流行病学特征。
通过国家传染病报告信息系统，对 2009 年 4 月 28 日至 2010 年 11 月 25 日大流行期间在塞阿拉州报告的所有疑似大流行流感（H1N1）病例进行回顾性研究。
共报告了 616 例疑似病例，58 例（9.4%）处于遏制阶段，558 例（90.6%）处于缓解阶段。大多数病例发生在塞阿拉州最大的城市福塔莱萨市的年轻人中。确诊感染病例最常见的症状是发热、咳嗽、肌痛、关节痛和鼻塞。死亡率为 0.0009/1000 居民，病死率为 5.6%。仅在缓解阶段观察到死亡。男女性别死亡率相似，但 5 岁以下年龄组的死亡率较高。
本研究表明，与巴西南部和东南部各州相比，该热带/半干旱地区的甲型流感（H1N1）大流行规模较小。
