Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Drug Saf. 2013 Aug;36(8):627-33. doi: 10.1007/s40264-013-0078-y.
The effects of maternal use of medicines during pregnancy on tooth development has scarcely been studied; only negative effects of tetracycline on tooth germs are known (irreversible tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia).
The aim of this study was to investigate whether antibacterials and anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicines, being the most frequently used medicines during pregnancy, are associated with deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) and, if so, which specific medicines.
To clarify this possible association, the participants of the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood, were studied. Data on medicine use during pregnancy were retrieved from pharmacies. Clinical photographs of the second primary molars, which were scored for DMH, were taken with an intra-oral camera in 6,690 children (mean age 6.2 years, standard deviation [SD] ± 0.53; 49.9 % girls).
During pregnancy, 20.3 % of the mothers used antibacterials, 12.3 % anti-asthma medicines and 5.4 % anti-allergic medicines. The prevalence of DMH was 9.0 % in the study group. There was no association between the use of anti-asthma medicines, anti-allergic medicines (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97 [95 % CI 0.61-1.54]; OR: 1.04 [0.54-2.03]) or antibacterials (OR: 0.73 [0.49-1.09]) during pregnancy and DMH (all p-values >0.05). The study had sufficient power (80 %) to detect significant associations.
Maternal use of antibacterials, anti-allergic medicines or anti-asthma medicines during pregnancy is not associated with the development of DMH in the offspring.
母体在怀孕期间使用药物对牙齿发育的影响尚未得到充分研究；仅已知四环素类药物对牙胚有负面影响（不可逆转的牙齿变色和釉质发育不全）。
本研究旨在探讨怀孕期间最常使用的抗菌药、抗过敏药和抗哮喘药是否与乳牙矿化不全（DMH）有关，如果有，是哪种特定药物。
为了阐明这种可能的关联，我们对来自胎儿期到成年早期的人群为基础的前瞻性队列研究 Generation R 研究的参与者进行了研究。从药房检索了怀孕期间使用药物的数据。使用口腔内相机对 6690 名儿童（平均年龄 6.2 岁，标准差 [SD] ± 0.53；49.9%为女孩）的第二乳磨牙进行临床拍照，对 DMH 进行评分。
在怀孕期间，20.3%的母亲使用了抗菌药，12.3%的母亲使用了抗哮喘药，5.4%的母亲使用了抗过敏药。研究组 DMH 的患病率为 9.0%。怀孕期间使用抗哮喘药、抗过敏药（比值比 [OR]：0.97 [95%置信区间 0.61-1.54]；OR：1.04 [0.54-2.03]）或抗菌药（OR：0.73 [0.49-1.09]）与 DMH 之间无关联（所有 p 值>0.05）。该研究有足够的效力（80%）来检测显著关联。
母亲在怀孕期间使用抗菌药、抗过敏药或抗哮喘药与后代的 DMH 发育无关。
