First, second, and third authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430; and fourth and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430.
Phytopathology. 2018 Jun;108(6):691-701. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-17-0306-R. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
Native yeasts are of increasing interest to researchers, grape growers, and vintners because of their potential for biocontrol activity and their contributions to the aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel qualities of wines. To assess biocontrol activity, we tested 11 yeasts from Washington vineyards, representing isolates of Candida saitoana, Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum, Metschnikowia chrysoperlae, M. pulcherrima, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, for ability to colonize Thompson Seedless grape berries, inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea in vitro, and suppress disease symptoms on isolated berries. The yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans was also included based on its known biocontrol activity against B. cinerea in studies on apple and grape. All yeast strains multiplied rapidly in grape berries and reached densities of over log 6 cells per wound as early as 2 days after inoculation with 200 cells. One of the Botrytis isolates used in this study was much less virulent than the others and was provisionally identified as B. prunorum based on multilocus sequence analysis. Suppression of the growth of B. cinerea isolates 111bb, 207a, 207cb, and 407cb occurred on berries treated with A. pullulans P01A006, Metschnikowia chrysoperlae P34A004 and P40A002, M. pulcherrima P01A016 and P01C004, Meyerozyma guilliermondii P34D003, and S. cerevisiae HNN11516. Inhibition of Botrytis isolates by the yeast strains was more common on berries than in vitro, suggesting the possibility that niche competition was a more likely biocontrol mechanism than antibiosis in planta. Metabolic profiling of yeast strains and B. cinerea isolates using Biolog YT plates revealed seven distinct metabolic groups. Furthermore, the yeast strains showed partial to complete tolerance to the commonly used fungicides fluopyram, triflumizole, metrafenone, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid. Implications of these findings for field deployment of native Washington yeasts as biocontrol agents against B. cinerea are discussed.
由于其潜在的生物防治活性以及对葡萄酒的香气、风味和口感质量的贡献，天然酵母越来越受到研究人员、葡萄种植者和酿酒师的关注。为了评估生物防治活性，我们测试了来自华盛顿葡萄园的 11 种酵母，代表了 Candida saitoana、Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum、Metschnikowia chrysoperlae、M. pulcherrima、Meyerozyma guilliermondii、Saccharomyces cerevisiae 和 Wickerhamomyces anomalus 的分离物，以评估其在汤普森无核葡萄浆果中的定殖能力、抑制体外 Botrytis cinerea 的生长能力以及抑制分离浆果上的疾病症状的能力。由于 Aureobasidium pullulans 对苹果和葡萄上的 Botrytis cinerea 具有已知的生物防治活性，因此也包括了这种酵母样真菌。在这项研究中使用的一种 Botrytis 分离物比其他分离物的毒力低得多，根据多位点序列分析，该分离物被暂时鉴定为 B. prunorum。用 Aureobasidium pullulans P01A006、Metschnikowia chrysoperlae P34A004 和 P40A002、M. pulcherrima P01A016 和 P01C004、Meyerozyma guilliermondii P34D003 和 S. cerevisiae HNN11516 处理的浆果中，抑制了 B. cinerea 分离物 111bb、207a、207cb 和 407cb 的生长。与体外相比，酵母菌株对浆果中 Botrytis 分离物的抑制更为常见，这表明生境竞争可能是植物体内比抑菌更可能的生物防治机制。使用 Biolog YT 平板对酵母菌株和 B. cinerea 分离物进行代谢谱分析，发现了七个不同的代谢组。此外，酵母菌株对常用杀菌剂氟吡菌胺、三氟咪唑、噻呋酰胺、吡唑醚菌酯和肟菌酯表现出部分至完全耐受。讨论了这些发现对将华盛顿本土酵母作为生物防治剂在田间防治 B. cinerea 的应用的影响。
