Armijo Grace, Schlechter Rudolf, Agurto Mario, Muñoz Daniela, Nuñez Constanza, Arce-Johnson Patricio
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile.
Front Plant Sci. 2016 Mar 30;7:382. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00382. eCollection 2016.
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crop worldwide. Commercial cultivars are greatly affected by a large number of pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases during pre- and/or post-harvest periods, affecting production, processing and export, along with fruit quality. Among the potential threats, we can find bacteria, fungi, oomycete, or viruses with different life cycles, infection mechanisms and evasion strategies. While plant-pathogen interactions are cycles of resistance and susceptibility, resistance traits from natural resources are selected and may be used for breeding purposes and for a sustainable agriculture. In this context, here we summarize some of the most important diseases affecting V. vinifera together with their causal agents. The aim of this work is to bring a comprehensive review of the infection strategies deployed by significant types of pathogens while understanding the host response in both resistance and susceptibility scenarios. New approaches being used to uncover grapevine status during biotic stresses and scientific-based procedures needed to control plant diseases and crop protection are also addressed.
葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）是全球最重要的水果作物之一。商业栽培品种受到大量致病微生物的严重影响，这些微生物在收获前和/或收获后时期引发疾病，影响产量、加工和出口，以及果实品质。在这些潜在威胁中，我们可以发现具有不同生命周期、感染机制和逃避策略的细菌、真菌、卵菌或病毒。虽然植物与病原体的相互作用是抗性和易感性的循环，但来自自然资源的抗性性状会被选择出来，并可用于育种目的和可持续农业。在此背景下，我们在此总结一些影响葡萄的最重要疾病及其病原体。这项工作的目的是全面回顾重要病原体类型所采用的感染策略，同时了解宿主在抗性和易感性情况下的反应。还讨论了用于揭示生物胁迫期间葡萄状况的新方法以及控制植物病害和作物保护所需的基于科学的程序。
