Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 Jun;91(6):397-411. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0350. Epub 2013 May 30.
Nutrigenomic approaches based on ethnopharmacology and phytotherapy concepts have revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be susceptible to dietary intervention. Interaction between bioactive food components and the genome may influence cell processes and modulate the onset and progression of the disease. T2DM, characterized by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction, is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Despite the great advances that have been made in the understanding and management of this complex, multifactorial disease, T2DM has become a worldwide epidemic in the 21st century. Population and family studies have revealed a strong genetic component of T2DM, and a number of candidate genes have been identified in humans. Variations in the gene sequences such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, explain the individual differences in traits like disease susceptibility and response to treatment. A clear understanding of how nutrients affect the expression of genes should facilitate the development of individualized intervention and, eventually, treatment strategies for T2DM. Review of the literature identified many phytochemicals/extracts from traditional medicinal plants that can target diabetogenic genes. This review focuses on the genetic aspects of T2DM, nutrient modification of genes relevant for diabetes, and future prospects of nutritional therapy of T2DM.
基于民族药理学和植物疗法概念的营养基因组学方法表明，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）可能容易受到饮食干预。生物活性食物成分与基因组之间的相互作用可能会影响细胞过程，并调节疾病的发生和发展。T2DM 的特征是胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍，是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。尽管人们在理解和管理这种复杂的、多因素疾病方面取得了巨大的进展，但 T2DM 在 21 世纪已成为一种全球性的流行病。人群和家族研究揭示了 T2DM 的强烈遗传成分，并且在人类中已经确定了一些候选基因。基因序列如单核苷酸多态性的变异解释了疾病易感性和对治疗反应等特征的个体差异。清楚地了解营养如何影响基因的表达应该有助于为 T2DM 开发个体化干预措施，并最终开发治疗策略。对文献的回顾确定了许多来自传统药用植物的植物化学物质/提取物，可以针对致糖尿病基因。本综述重点介绍了 T2DM 的遗传方面、与糖尿病相关的基因的营养修饰以及 T2DM 营养治疗的未来前景。
