Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
Semin Immunol. 2013 Feb;25(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.05.002. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
Pentraxins are highly conserved components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They include the short pentraxins C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and the long pentraxin PTX3. These are soluble pattern-recognition molecules that are present in the blood and body fluids, and share the ability to recognize pathogens and promote their disposal. CRP and SAP are produced systemically in the liver while PTX3 is produced locally in a number of tissues, macrophages and neutrophils being major sources of this long pentraxin. Pentraxins interact with components of the classical and lectin pathways of Complement as well as with Complement regulators. In particular, PTX3 recognizes C1q, factor H, MBL and ficolins, where these interactions amplify the repertoire of microbial recognition and effector functions of the Complement system. The complex interaction of pentraxins with the Complement system at different levels has broad implications for host defence and regulation of inflammation.
五聚素是先天免疫体液免疫途径中高度保守的组成部分。它们包括短五聚素 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 和血清淀粉样蛋白 P 成分 (SAP)，以及长五聚素 PTX3。这些是可溶性的模式识别分子，存在于血液和体液中，具有识别病原体并促进其清除的能力。CRP 和 SAP 在肝脏中系统性产生，而 PTX3 在许多组织中局部产生，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞是这种长五聚素的主要来源。五聚素与补体经典途径和凝集素途径的成分相互作用，也与补体调节蛋白相互作用。特别是，PTX3 识别 C1q、因子 H、MBL 和纤维胶凝蛋白，这些相互作用扩大了补体系统对微生物识别和效应功能的 repertoire。五聚素与补体系统在不同水平上的复杂相互作用对宿主防御和炎症调节具有广泛的影响。
