Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS UPR9043, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2013 Jun 1;18(3):928-43. doi: 10.2741/4154.
Despite their small size, bacterial cells possess very efficient sensory apparatus that allow them to perceive and respond to the external environment with cell movement. In enteric bacteria, these apparatus are complex lattices of different chemoreceptors working in concert and forming clusters positioned at the cell poles. Since the study of chemotaxis has been expanded to other bacterial species, examples of chemosensory systems regulating functions different than taxis have been described and chemoreceptors localizing in ways divergent from the enteric paradigm have been visualized. The scope of this review is to revise and summarize the architecture of different bacterial chemoreceptors. Then, hypotheses will be proposed on how chemoreceptor distribution in cells is coupled to specific functions and life styles in well-characterized bacterial model systems, such as Escherichia coli, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Caulobacter crescentus and Myxococcus xanthus.
尽管细菌细胞体积很小，但它们拥有非常高效的感应器官，使它们能够通过细胞运动感知和响应外部环境。在肠道细菌中，这些感应器官是不同化学感受器的复杂网络，协同工作并形成位于细胞两极的簇。随着对趋化性的研究扩展到其他细菌物种，已经描述了调节除趋性以外功能的化学感应系统的例子，并且已经观察到趋化性感受器的定位方式与肠道范例不同。本文综述的范围是修订和总结不同细菌趋化性感受器的结构。然后，将提出关于细胞中趋化性感受器分布如何与特定功能和生活方式相关联的假设，这些功能和生活方式在特征明确的细菌模型系统中得到了很好的描述，例如大肠杆菌、球形红杆菌、新月柄杆菌和粘细菌。
