Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France, Marseille, France.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2018 Jul 1;42(4):462-476. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuy015.
The bacterial cytoplasm is not a homogeneous solution of macromolecules, but rather a highly organized and compartmentalized space where the clustering and segregation of macromolecular complexes in certain cell regions confers functional efficiency. Bacterial chemoreceptors represent a versatile model system to study the subcellular localization of macromolecules, as they are present in almost all motile bacterial and archaeal species, where they tend to form highly ordered arrays that occupy distinct positions in cells. The positioning of chemoreceptor clusters, as well as their segregation mechanism on cell division, varies from species to species and probably depends on cells size, environment and speed of movement. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the architecture and the segregation mechanisms of chemoreceptors in a limited number of bacterial model systems and suggest that the pattern of chemoreceptor distribution is coupled to behavioral life-style of that species.
细菌细胞质不是大分子的均匀溶液，而是一个高度组织化和分隔的空间，其中大分子复合物在某些细胞区域的聚类和隔离赋予了功能效率。细菌化学感受器是研究大分子亚细胞定位的多功能模型系统，因为它们几乎存在于所有能动的细菌和古菌物种中，在这些物种中，它们往往形成高度有序的阵列，占据细胞中不同的位置。化学感受器簇的定位以及它们在细胞分裂时的隔离机制因物种而异，可能取决于细胞大小、环境和运动速度。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对少数细菌模型系统中化学感受器的结构和隔离机制的理解，并提出化学感受器的分布模式与该物种的行为生活方式相关联。
