Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1482, USA,
Environ Manage. 2014 Jan;53(1):14-27. doi: 10.1007/s00267-013-0093-x. Epub 2013 Jun 8.
Core themes of geomorphology include: open systems and connectivity; feedbacks and complexity; spatial differentiation of dominant physical processes within a landscape; and legacy effects of historical human use of resources. Core themes of ecology include: open systems and connectivity; hierarchical, heterogeneous, dynamic, and context-dependent characteristics of ecological patterns and processes; nonlinearity, thresholds, hysteresis, and resilience within ecosystems; and human effects. Core themes of environmental governance include: architecture of institutions and decision-making; agency, or ability of actors to prescribe behavior of people in relation to the environment; adaptiveness of social groups to environmental change; accountability and legitimacy of systems of governance; allocation of and access to resources; and thresholds and feedback loops within environmental policy. Core themes common to these disciplines include connectivity, feedbacks, tipping points or thresholds, and resiliency. Emphasizing these points of disciplinary overlap can facilitate interdisciplinary understanding of complex systems, as well as more effective management of landscapes and ecosystems by highlighting drivers of change within systems. We use a previously published conceptual framework to examine how these core themes can be integrated into interdisciplinary research for human-landscape systems via the example of a river.
开放系统和连通性；反馈和复杂性；景观内主导物理过程的空间分异；以及历史上人类对资源利用的遗留效应。生态学的核心主题包括：开放系统和连通性；生态格局和过程的层次性、异质性、动态性和依存性特征；生态系统内的非线性、阈值、滞后和弹性；以及人类的影响。环境治理的核心主题包括：机构和决策的架构；行为者的能动性，或行为者规范人与环境关系行为的能力；社会群体对环境变化的适应性；治理制度的问责制和合法性；资源的分配和获取；以及环境政策内的阈值和反馈环。这些学科共有的核心主题包括连通性、反馈、临界点或阈值以及弹性。强调这些学科重叠点可以促进对复杂系统的跨学科理解，并通过突出系统内变化的驱动因素，更有效地管理景观和生态系统。我们使用以前发表的概念框架，通过河流的例子，来研究这些核心主题如何通过跨学科研究人类-景观系统来整合。
