Prady Stephanie L, Kiernan Kathleen, Fairley Lesley, Wilson Sarah, Wright John
Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK.
J Child Health Care. 2014 Mar;18(1):31-46. doi: 10.1177/1367493512473855. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
Ethnic minority children in the United Kingdom often experience health disadvantage. Parenting influences children's current and future health, but little is known about whether parenting behaviours and mother's perception of her infant vary by ethnicity. Using the Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort, which is located in an ethnically diverse and economically deprived UK city, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of mother's self-reported parenting confidence, self-efficacy, hostility and warmth, and infant temperament at six months of age. We examined responses from women of Pakistani (N = 554) and White British (N = 439) origin. Pakistani mothers reported feeling more confident about their abilities as a parent. Significantly fewer Pakistani women adopted a hostile approach to parenting, an effect that was attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic status and mental health. Overall, women with more self-efficacious, warm and less hostile parenting styles reported significantly fewer problems with their infant's temperaments. Of women with higher self-efficacy parenting styles, Pakistani mothers were significantly more likely than White British mothers to report more problematic infant temperaments, although absolute differences were small. It is unlikely that the ethnic variation seen in children's cognitive and behavioural outcomes in childhood is attributable to differences in parenting or infant characteristics reported at six months.
英国的少数民族儿童往往在健康方面处于劣势。养育方式会影响孩子当前和未来的健康，但对于养育行为以及母亲对其婴儿的认知是否因种族而异，我们却知之甚少。利用位于英国一个种族多样且经济贫困城市的布拉德福德出生队列研究（BiB），我们对母亲自我报告的养育信心、自我效能感、敌意和温情，以及婴儿6个月大时的气质进行了横断面分析。我们考察了巴基斯坦裔（N = 554）和英国白人裔（N = 439）女性的回答。巴基斯坦母亲表示对自己为人父母的能力更有信心。采用敌意养育方式的巴基斯坦女性明显更少，在对社会经济地位和心理健康进行调整后，这一效应有所减弱。总体而言，采用更具自我效能感、温情且敌意较少的养育方式的女性报告的婴儿气质问题明显更少。在自我效能感较高的养育方式的女性中，巴基斯坦母亲比英国白人母亲更有可能报告婴儿气质问题更多，尽管绝对差异很小。儿童童年时期在认知和行为结果方面出现的种族差异不太可能归因于6个月时报告的养育方式或婴儿特征的差异。
