Bagheri Alireza, Delmonico Francis L
School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, 16th Azar St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran,
Med Health Care Philos. 2013 Nov;16(4):887-95. doi: 10.1007/s11019-013-9493-1.
The increasing gap between organ supply and demand has opened the door for illegal organ sale, trafficking of human organs, tissues and cells, as well as transplant tourism. Currently, underprivileged and vulnerable populations in resource-poor countries are a major source of organs for rich patient-tourists who can afford to purchase organs at home or abroad. This paper presents a summary of international initiatives, such as World Health Organization's Principle Guidelines, The Declaration of Istanbul, Asian Task Force Recommendations, as well as UNESCO's and the United Nation's initiatives against trafficking of human organs, tissues, cells, and transplant tourism. Beyond the summary, it calls for more practical measures to be taken to implement the existing guidelines and recommendations, in order to prevent exploitation of the poor as organ providers. The paper suggests that an international legally binding agreement in criminalizing organ trafficking would be a step forward to bring a change in the global picture of organ trafficking and transplant tourism.
器官供需差距日益增大，为非法器官买卖、人体器官、组织和细胞的贩运以及移植旅游打开了大门。目前，资源匮乏国家中的贫困和弱势群体是富裕的患者游客的主要器官来源，这些患者游客有能力在国内外购买器官。本文概述了国际倡议，如世界卫生组织的《原则指导方针》、《伊斯坦布尔宣言》、亚洲特别工作组的建议，以及联合国教科文组织和联合国打击人体器官、组织、细胞贩运及移植旅游的倡议。除了概述之外，本文呼吁采取更切实可行的措施来执行现有指导方针和建议，以防止将穷人作为器官提供者加以剥削。本文建议，制定一项将器官贩运定为犯罪的具有国际法律约束力的协议，将是朝着改变器官贩运和移植旅游的全球状况迈出的一步。
