David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Transplantation. 2013 Jun 15;95(11):1306-12. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e318295ee7d.
By 2005, human organ trafficking, commercialization, and transplant tourism had become a prominent and pervasive influence on transplantation therapy. The most common source of organs was impoverished people in India, Pakistan, Egypt, and the Philippines, deceased organ donors in Colombia, and executed prisoners in China. In response, in May 2008, The Transplantation Society and the International Society of Nephrology developed the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism consisting of a preamble, a set of principles, and a series of proposals. Promulgation of the Declaration of Istanbul and the formation of the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group to promote and uphold its principles have demonstrated that concerted, strategic, collaborative, and persistent actions by professionals can deliver tangible changes. Over the past 5 years, the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group organized and encouraged cooperation among professional bodies and relevant international, regional, and national governmental organizations, which has produced significant progress in combating organ trafficking and transplant tourism around the world. At a fifth anniversary meeting in Qatar in April 2013, the DICG took note of this progress and set forth in a Communiqué a number of specific activities and resolved to further engage groups from many sectors in working toward the Declaration's objectives.
到 2005 年，人体器官买卖、商业化和移植旅游已成为影响移植治疗的突出和普遍因素。器官最常见的来源是印度、巴基斯坦、埃及和菲律宾的贫困人群、哥伦比亚已故的器官捐献者和中国被处决的囚犯。有鉴于此，2008 年 5 月，移植学会和国际肾脏病学会制定了《伊斯坦布尔器官贩卖和移植旅游宣言》，包括序言、一套原则和一系列建议。《伊斯坦布尔宣言》的颁布和《伊斯坦布尔宣言监护组》的成立，以促进和维护其原则，表明专业人员的协调、战略、合作和持续行动可以带来切实的变化。在过去的 5 年里，《伊斯坦布尔宣言监护组》组织并鼓励专业机构和相关国际、区域和国家政府组织之间的合作，在打击世界各地的器官贩卖和移植旅游方面取得了重大进展。在 2013 年 4 月于卡塔尔举行的五周年会议上，DICG 注意到这一进展，并在一份公报中提出了一些具体活动，并决心进一步让来自许多部门的团体参与实现宣言的目标。
