Benninger Brion, Delamarter Taylor
Western University of Health Sciences, Northwest Oregon Health & Sciences University, Lebanon, OR, USA.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2013 Feb;72(1):1-9. doi: 10.5603/fm.2013.0001.
Our knowledge of the stability of the posteromedial knee is evolving. The distal semimembranosus is an important posteromedial stabilizer of the knee. Current anatomical texts and atlases do not accurately detail the distal insertion. Journal literature commonly mentions multiple distal insertions, one of which contributes to the oblique popliteal ligament. The purpose of this study was to review the literature, current morphology, terminology and clinical relevance of the distal semimembranosus muscle-tendon-unit (SMTU), and suggest alternative nomenclature. :
Literature search was conducted on anatomical and clinical texts, atlases, journals and websites to analyze the distal morphology of the semimembranosus muscle. Deep dissections were performed on 31 embalmed cadavers, 56 knees in total (27Rt and 29L), identifying the distal semimembranosus tendon morphology. : :
Literature search revealed significantly inconsistent morphology of the distal semimembranosus muscle-tendon-unit. Cadaver dissection revealed a consistent trifurcation with three dominant expansions. Cadaver dissection also revealed an oblique popliteal tendon/expansion, indigenous to SMTU, not a ligament. :
This study provides evidence of a consistent morphology and suggests a more precise nomenclature of the distal SMTU, which includes renaming the oblique popliteal ligament as the oblique popliteal tendon/expansion.
我们对膝关节后内侧稳定性的认识正在不断发展。半膜肌远端是膝关节重要的后内侧稳定结构。目前的解剖学教材和图谱并未准确详细描述其远端附着点。期刊文献通常提及多个远端附着点，其中一个形成斜腘韧带。本研究的目的是回顾关于半膜肌远端肌腱单元（SMTU）的文献、当前形态、术语及临床相关性，并提出替代性命名法。
对解剖学和临床教材、图谱、期刊及网站进行文献检索，以分析半膜肌的远端形态。对31具防腐尸体（共56个膝关节，右侧27个，左侧29个）进行深部解剖，确定半膜肌远端肌腱的形态。
文献检索显示半膜肌远端肌腱单元的形态存在显著不一致。尸体解剖发现其呈一致的三叉状，有三个主要分支。尸体解剖还发现斜腘肌腱/分支是SMTU固有的，而非韧带。
本研究提供了一致形态的证据，并建议对半膜肌远端肌腱单元采用更精确的命名法，其中包括将斜腘韧带重新命名为斜腘肌腱/分支。
