Drudge-Coates Lawrence, Turner Bruce
King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Br J Nurs. 2013;22(9):S10, S12-4.
Schistosomiasis (or bilharzia) is a chronic waterborne disease caused by parasitic worms or schistosoma in the tropics and sub tropics. Five main species exist, and common to all is its transmission to humans as a result of exposure to infested fresh water, into which the cercariae of the parasite are released by freshwater snails. With the rise of tourism and travel, more people are travelling to countries where schistosomiasis is a risk. Schistosoma haematobium is responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis, in which manifestations range from acute hypersensitivity reactions to bladder disease in the detection of which the nurse cystoscopist can have a significant role. Treatment is highly effective, and the diagnosis should be considered in individuals with possible clinical illness who have travelled to or lived in endemic areas.
血吸虫病（又称裂体吸虫病）是一种由寄生蠕虫或血吸虫引起的慢性水源性疾病，流行于热带和亚热带地区。主要有五种血吸虫，它们的共同之处在于，由于接触受感染的淡水而传播给人类，淡水蜗牛会将寄生虫的尾蚴释放到这些淡水中。随着旅游业和出行的兴起，越来越多的人前往有感染血吸虫病风险的国家。埃及血吸虫会引发泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病，其症状从急性过敏反应到膀胱疾病不等，在膀胱疾病的诊断中，护士膀胱镜检查师可发挥重要作用。治疗效果显著，对于曾前往或居住在流行地区、可能患有临床疾病的个体，应考虑进行诊断。
