Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Movement to Health Laboratory, Montpellier-1 University Montpellier, France.
Front Neural Circuits. 2013 May 28;7:94. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00094. eCollection 2013.
How is the cerebellum capable of efficient motor learning and control despite very low firing of the inferior olive (IO) inputs, which are postulated to carry errors needed for learning and contribute to on-line motor control? IO neurons form the largest electrically coupled network in the adult human brain. Here, we discuss how intermediate coupling strengths can lead to chaotic resonance and increase information transmission of the error signal despite the very low IO firing rate. This increased information transmission can then lead to more efficient learning than with weak or strong coupling. In addition, we argue that a dynamic modulation of IO electrical coupling via the Purkinje cell-deep cerebellar neurons - IO triangle could speed up learning and improve on-line control. Initially strong coupling would allow transmission of large errors to multiple functionally related Purkinje cells, resulting in fast but coarse learning as well as significant effects on deep cerebellar nucleus and on-line motor control. In the late phase of learning decreased coupling would allow desynchronized IO firing, allowing high-fidelity transmission of error, resulting in slower but fine learning, and little on-line motor control effects.
小脑如何能够在橄榄核下部（IO）输入的放电率非常低的情况下实现高效的运动学习和控制，而 IO 输入被认为携带了学习所需的错误，并有助于在线运动控制？IO 神经元形成了成人脑中最大的电耦合网络。在这里，我们讨论了中间耦合强度如何导致混沌共振，并增加错误信号的信息传输，尽管 IO 的放电率非常低。这种增加的信息传输可以导致比弱耦合或强耦合更有效的学习。此外，我们认为通过浦肯野细胞-小脑深部神经元-IO 三角对 IO 电耦合的动态调制可以加速学习并改善在线控制。最初的强耦合将允许将大的误差传输到多个功能相关的浦肯野细胞，从而导致快速但粗糙的学习，以及对小脑深部核团和在线运动控制的显著影响。在学习的后期，耦合的降低将允许 IO 放电的去同步，从而允许错误的高保真传输，导致较慢但精细的学习，以及对在线运动控制的影响较小。
