Tiutiunov Iu V, Titova L I, Berdnikov S V
Biofizika. 2013 Mar-Apr;58(2):349-56.
Simulation results obtained with an individual-based model describing spatial movement and interactions of predators and prey within a closed rectangular habitat are represented. Movement of each individual animal is determined by local conditions only, thus any collective behaviour emerges due to self-organization. It is shown that the pursuit of the prey by predators leads to the emergence of predator interference manifesting itself at the population level as the dependence of the trophic function on predator abundance (predator-dependence). The stabilizing effect of predator dependence on the dynamics of a predator-prey system has been discussed. The inclusion of prey evasion induces predators' cooperation that further distorts the functional response (the trophic function), leading to a strong Allee effect, i.e. extinction of predator population dropping below a critical threShold. Thus, we propose a simple mechanistic explanation of important but still poorly understood behavioural phenomena that underlie functioning of natural trophic systems.
展示了使用基于个体的模型获得的模拟结果，该模型描述了封闭矩形栖息地内捕食者与猎物的空间移动和相互作用。每只动物个体的移动仅由局部条件决定，因此任何集体行为都是通过自组织出现的。结果表明，捕食者对猎物的追捕导致捕食者干扰的出现，在种群水平上表现为营养功能对捕食者丰度的依赖性（捕食者依赖性）。讨论了捕食者依赖性对捕食者 - 猎物系统动态的稳定作用。纳入猎物逃避会引发捕食者的合作，这进一步扭曲了功能反应（营养功能），导致强烈的阿利效应，即捕食者种群数量降至临界阈值以下时灭绝。因此，我们对自然营养系统功能背后重要但仍知之甚少的行为现象提出了一个简单的机理解释。
