Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2014 Jan;42(1):111-23. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.06.001. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Immune responses against opportunistic pathogens have been extensively studied in Drosophila, leading to a detailed map of the genetics behind innate immunity networks including the Toll, Imd, Jak-Stat, and JNK pathways. However, immune mechanisms of other organisms, such as plants, have primarily been investigated using natural pathogens. It was the use of natural pathogens in plant research that revealed the plant R-Avr system, a specialized immune response derived from antagonistic coevolution between plant immune proteins and their natural pathogens' virulence proteins. Thus, we recommend that researchers begin to use natural Drosophila pathogens to identify novel immune strategies that may have arisen through antagonistic coevolution with common natural pathogens. In this review, we address the benefits of using natural pathogens in research, describe the known natural pathogens of Drosophila, and discuss the future prospects for research on natural pathogens of Drosophila.
在果蝇中，人们对针对机会性病原体的免疫反应进行了广泛研究，从而详细绘制了先天免疫网络背后的遗传学图谱，其中包括 Toll、Imd、Jak-Stat 和 JNK 途径。然而，其他生物体（如植物）的免疫机制主要是通过天然病原体进行研究的。正是在植物研究中使用天然病原体，揭示了植物 R-Avr 系统，这是一种源自植物免疫蛋白与其天然病原体毒力蛋白之间拮抗共进化的特殊免疫反应。因此，我们建议研究人员开始使用天然果蝇病原体来识别可能通过与常见天然病原体的拮抗共进化而产生的新型免疫策略。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在研究中使用天然病原体的好处，描述了已知的果蝇天然病原体，并讨论了研究果蝇天然病原体的未来前景。
