Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jul;63 Suppl 2(0 2):S183-6. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31829a3a4d.
A range of efficacies have been reported for biomedical HIV prevention interventions, including antiretroviral treatment, male circumcision, preexposure prophylaxis, microbicides, and preventive vaccines. This range of efficacies probably results from the influence of multiple inputs and processes during trials, including the strength and target of the intervention, host factors, target population characteristics, level of HIV exposure, and intervention dose. Expertise in social and behavioral sciences, in conjunction with basic science, clinical research, epidemiology, biostatistics, and community, is needed to understand the influence of these inputs and processes on intervention efficacy, improve trial design and implementation, and enable interpretation of trial results. In particular, social and behavioral sciences provide the means for investigating and identifying populations suitable for recruitment into and retention in trials and for developing and improving measures of HIV exposure and intervention dose, all within the larger sociocultural context. Integration of social and behavioral sciences early in idea generation and study design is imperative for the successful conduct of biomedical trials and for ensuring optimal data collection approaches necessary for the interpretation of findings, particularly in cases of unexpected results.
一系列生物医学 HIV 预防干预措施的疗效已被报道，包括抗逆转录病毒治疗、男性包皮环切术、暴露前预防、杀微生物剂和预防性疫苗。这种疗效范围可能是由于试验过程中多种因素和过程的影响，包括干预措施的强度和目标、宿主因素、目标人群特征、HIV 暴露水平和干预剂量。社会和行为科学方面的专业知识，结合基础科学、临床研究、流行病学、生物统计学以及社区知识，有助于了解这些因素和过程对干预效果的影响，改进试验设计和实施，并能对试验结果进行解释。特别是，社会和行为科学提供了调查和确定适合招募入组和维持试验的人群的方法，以及开发和改进 HIV 暴露和干预剂量的测量方法，所有这些都在更大的社会文化背景下进行。在想法产生和研究设计的早期阶段整合社会和行为科学，对于成功开展生物医学试验以及确保最佳的数据收集方法以解释研究结果至关重要，尤其是在出现意外结果的情况下。
